Table 3.

Comparison of Inflammatory Biomarker Levels Between Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Only and Those With Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Biomarker	Control	OSAS Only	Obese and OSAS
CRP (μg/mL)	0.85 (±1.3)	1.78 (±3.8)	4.53 (±4.2)a,b
	n = 18	n = 9	n = 8
IL-1β (pg/mL)	0.22 (±0.41)	0.17 (±0.07)	0.18 (±0.16)
	n = 12	n = 7	n = 8
IL-10 (pg/mL)	0.46 (±0.16)	0.59 (±0.17)	1.0 (±0.70)a
	n = 18	n = 7	n = 8
IL-6 (pg/mL)	0.59 (±0.26)	0.74 (±0.29)	1.02 (±0.25)a
	n = 18	n = 7	n = 8
Insulin (μU/mL)	10.2 (±10.4)	3.6 (±2.8)c	7.6 (±3.6)
	n = 18	n = 9	n = 13
Leptin (ng/mL)	7.4 (±8.8)	4.5 (±2.1)	28.8 (±21.3)a,b
	n = 18	n = 7	n = 13
TNF-α (pg/mL)	3.0 (±1.2)	2.6 (±0.7)	3.5 (±1.1)
	n = 18	n = 7	n = 8

Results are expressed as mean (SD). A total of 40 participants underwent biomarker analysis; however, due to lab error or insufficient sampling, not all biomarkers were performed on all subjects. The sample size for each biomarker per group is listed below mean (SD). Comparisons were made by Kruskal-Wallis rank sums test and Dunn post hoc method using Bonferroni correction.

Abbreviations: CRP C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; SD, standard deviation; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

^aP < .05, control versus obese and OSAS.

^bP < .05, OSAS only versus obese and OSAS.

^cP < .05, control versus OSAS only.