Table 2. Analysis of the Effect of CuO and ZnO NPs on Seed Physical Parameters Using SmartGRAIN Software^a.

NPs	conc. (mg/kg)	area size (m2)	perimeter length (mm)	length (mm)	width (mm)	length-to-width ratio	circularity index
ZnO	control	98.3 ± 2.7b	39.3 ± 1.3b	15.0 ± 0.4b	9.1 ± 0.3b	1.7 ± 0.2a	0.8a
	Z200	98.3 ± 2.4b	39.3 ± 1.2b	15.0 ± 0.3b	9.1 ± 0.4b	1.7 ± 0.1a	0.8a
	Z400	94.3 ± 1.4c	38.3 ± 1.7b	14.5 ± 0.2c	8.9 ± 0.2b	1.7 ± 0.3a	0.81a
	Z600	171.2 ± 3.1a	51.9 ± 1.8a	19.3 ± 1.0a	12.3 ± 0.8a	1.6 ± 0.4a	0.79a
CuO	Control	100.3 ± 1.3d	40.1 ± 0.9c	15.2 ± 0.3c	9.1 ± 0.6c	1.6 ± 0.1a	0.79b
	C12.5	116.5 ± 1.7c	42.4 ± 1.0b	15.7 ± 0.3b	10.0 ± 0.3bc	1.6 ± 0.2a	0.82ab
	C25	120.5 ± 1.4b	42.3 ± 1.1b	15.3 ± 0.4c	10.6 ± 0.5b	1.4 ± 0.1b	0.84a
	C50	174.3 ± 2.0a	51.1 ± 1.5a	18.1 ± 0.7a	13.1 ± 0.4a	1.4 ± 0.1b	0.84a

^aThe results are presented as mean (n = 3). The similar letters within the column mean no statistical difference between treatments in Turkey’s test (p ≤ 0.05).