TABLE 2.

Serum ncRNAs With Successfully Validated Biomarker Potential for Various Aspects of Pediatric IBD

Study	ncRNA	Change in expression (patients)	Compared groups	Number of patients, sample type	Statistical parameters				Technological platform
					Best P- achieved	AUC	Sensitivity/ Specificity (%)
Zahm et al., 201149	miR-484 miR-16	Up	pCD vs. control vs. celiac	102 blood serum samples	<0.0001	0.917 0.912	82.61/84.38 73.91/100		TaqMan human microRNA array, RT-qPCR
Zahm et al., 201443	miR-192 miR-142–3p miR-21	Up	pUC vs. control	47 blood serum samples	0.0045 0.0078 —	0.757 0.723 0.718	79.31/77.78 75.86/66.67 75.86/66.67		TaqMan low density array human microRNA panel, RT-qPCR
Heier et al., 201650	miR-146a miR-146b miR-320 miR-486	Down	pIBD pharmaco-dynamics	19 PBMC samples	<0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01	—	—		RT-qPCR
De Iucidibus et al., 201851	miR-29c-3p	Up	pIBD pharmaco-dynamics	10 PBMC samples	<0.01	—	—		NGS, RT-qPCR
Lucafò et al., 201852	GAS5	Up	pIBD pharmaco-dynamics	19 PBMC samples	<0.05	—	—		RT-qPCR

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; C, control; GAS5, growth arrest-specific transcript 5; NGS, next-generation sequencing; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; pCD, pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease; pIBD, pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease; pUC, pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis; RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.