Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population
| Variable | All Patients (n = 368) | Male (n = 242) | Female (n = 126) | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years |
62.8 ± 12.4 63.7 (54.2;72.5) |
60.4 ± 12.0 60.6 (52.2;69.1) |
67.5 ± 11.8 70.7 (60.3;76.4) |
< 0.001 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE I | 23.1 (12.2;40.5) | 19.7 (10.2;35.3) | 31.0 (21.0;51.8) | < 0.001 |
| EuroSCORE II | 5.45 (3.06;12.41) | 4.72 (2.75;11.63) | 6.6 (4.0;13.4) | 0.005 |
| BSA (m2) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 (23.9;29.0) | 26.8 (24.5;29.3) | 25.7 (23.1;28.1) | 0.005 |
| Body mass index > 30 (kg/m2) | 74 (20.2%) | 51 (21.1%) | 23 (18.4%) | 0.545 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 262 (73.0%) | 170 (72.6%) | 92 (73.6%) | 0.847 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 4 (1.1%) | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.613 |
| Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | 21 (6.0%) | 10 (4.4%) | 11 (8.9%) | 0.090 |
| - Insulin dependent | 7 (2.0%) | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.701 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia | 50 (14.3%) | 34 (15.0%) | 16 (13.0%) | 0.604 |
| COPD | 22 (6.2%) | 12 (5.2%) | 10 (8.0%) | 0.289 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 16 (4.5%) | 9 (3.9%) | 7 (5.6%) | 0.454 |
| Current Smoking* | 71 (23.4%) | 56 (27.6%) | 15 (16.0%) | 0.015 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 51 (13.9%) | 32 (13.3%) | 19 (15.1%) | 0.636 |
| Marfan syndrome | 9 (2.5%) | 7 (3.0%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.504 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 9 (2.4%) | 8 (3.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.174 |
| Neurological deficits | 73 (20.3%) | 45 (19.3%) | 28 (22.2%) | 0.513 |
| Preoperative state and cardiovascular risk profile | ||||
| DeBakey type I** | 259 (78.5%) | 181 (81.5%) | 78 (72.2%) | 0.053 |
| DeBakey type II** | 71 (21.5%) | 41 (18.5%) | 30 (27.8%) | 0.053 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l)*** | 88.8 (72.2;114.0) | 98.1 (80.0;120.5) | 80.0 (63.8;95.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 48 (13.6%) | 36 (15.7%) | 12 (9.8%) | 0.120 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 7 (2.0%) | 4 (1.7%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.700 |
| Coronary heart disease | 63 (18.0%) | 39 (17.3%) | 24 (19.4%) | 0.625 |
| Previous PCI | 24 (6.8%) | 15 (6.5%) | 9 (7.2%) | 0.808 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 12 (3.4%) | 9 (3.9%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.552 |
| IABP/ECLS | 5 (1.4%) | 5 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.170 |
| Aortic valve stenosis**** | 10 (2.9%) | 4 (1.8%) | 6 (5.1%) | 0.097 |
| Aortic valve insufficiency**** | 137 (40.1%) | 86 (38.2%) | 51 (43.6%) | 0.337 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 14 (3.8%) | 8 (3.4%) | 6 (4.8%) | 0.570 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 27 (7.4%) | 17 (7.2%) | 10 (7.9%) | 0.792 |
| CPR (≤ 48 h) | 31 (8.5%) | 20 (8.4%) | 11 (8.7%) | 0.915 |
| Intubated at admission | 39 (10.7%) | 25 (10.5%) | 14 (11.2%) | 0.828 |
| Diagnostic imaging (additional to CT) | ||||
| Coronary angiography | 130 (36.5%) | 81 (34.9%) | 49 (39.5%) | 0.390 |
|
Magnetic resonance Imaging |
9 (2.5%) | 6 (2.6%) | 3 (2.4%) | 1.000 |
BSA Body surface area, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, IABP Intra-aortic balloon pump, ECLS Extracorporeal life support, CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; *18% missing values, **10% missing values; ***19% missing values, ****7% missing values; bold text, p-values ≤0.05; italic text, subheadings