Table 2.
Individual associations of GRS and MRS with LC incidence
| Group | Risk score | Quartilea | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | |||||
| All participants | GRS | Q1 (< 24) | 20 | 319 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| (Ncase/control = 143/1460) | Q2 (24, 27) | 29 | 379 | 1.22 (0.68–2.23) | 1.23 (0.69–2.26) | 1.28 (0.66–2.57) | |
| Q3 (27, 30) | 41 | 375 | 1.74 (1.01–3.09) | 1.60 (0.93–2.86) | 1.62 (0.87–3.15) | ||
| Q4 (≥ 30) | 53 | 387 | 2.18 (1.30–3.81) | 2.08 (1.23–3.64) | 1.93 (1.05–3.71) | ||
| p trend | 0.0010 | 0.0030 | 0.0251 | ||||
| MRS | Q1 (< − 0.10) | 6 | 365 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Q2 (− 0.10, + 0.15) | 11 | 365 | 1.91 (0.70–5.75) | 1.84 (0.67–5.55) | 1.31 (0.43–4.18) | ||
| Q3 (+ 0.15, + 0.53) | 28 | 365 | 4.96 (2.09–13.79) | 4.49 (1.87–12.57) | 2.85 (1.09–8.48) | ||
| Q4 (≥ + 0.53) | 98 | 365 | 20.00 (8.92–53.79) | 18.40 (8.08–50.00) | 5.64 (2.13–17.03) | ||
| p trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
| Ever smokers | GRS | Q1 (< 24) | 16 | 155 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| (Ncase/control = 123/712) | Q2 (24, 27) | 23 | 171 | 1.30 (0.67–2.60) | 1.30 (0.66–2.61) | 1.19 (0.56–2.61) | |
| Q3 (27, 30) | 36 | 194 | 1.80 (0.98–3.44) | 1.70 (0.92–3.27) | 1.70 (0.85–3.58) | ||
| Q4 (≥ 30) | 48 | 192 | 2.42 (1.35–4.55) | 2.43 (1.35–4.60) | 2.23 (1.13–4.63) | ||
| p trend | 0.0013 | 0.0016 | 0.0086 | ||||
| MRS | Q1 (< + 0.12) | 9 | 178 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Q2 (+ 0.12, + 0.46) | 18 | 178 | 2.17 (0.90–5.53) | 1.97 (0.81–5.08) | 1.75 (0.64–5.13) | ||
| Q3 (+ 0.46, + 0.89) | 33 | 178 | 4.80 (2.13–11.79) | 4.32 (1.89–10.72) | 2.48 (0.92–7.21) | ||
| Q4 (≥ + 0.89) | 63 | 178 | 9.77 (4.49–23.53) | 9.58 (4.37–23.28) | 3.91 (1.46–11.40) | ||
| p trend | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0051 | ||||
| Heavy smokers | GRS | Q1 (< 24) | 8 | 32 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| (Ncase/control = 69/205) | Q2 (24, 27) | 12 | 57 | 0.84 (0.31–2.35) | 0.73 (0.26–2.07) | 0.75 (0.26–2.19) | |
| Q3 (27, 30) | 24 | 59 | 1.63 (0.68–4.24) | 1.25 (0.50–3.35) | 1.52 (0.59–4.16) | ||
| Q4 (≥ 30) | 25 | 57 | 1.75 (0.73–4.57) | 1.60 (0.65–4.24) | 1.62 (0.64–4.38) | ||
| p trend | 0.0642 | 0.0982 | 0.0998 | ||||
| MRS | Q1 (< + 0.47) | 6 | 51 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Q2 (+ 0.47, + 0.86) | 15 | 51 | 3.25 (1.01–11.66) | 3.19 (0.96–11.92) | 2.38 (0.67–9.30) | ||
| Q3 (+ 0.86, + 1.32) | 20 | 51 | 3.31 (1.06–11.51) | 3.80 (1.18–13.70) | 2.85 (0.84–10.70) | ||
| Q4 (≥ + 1.32) | 28 | 51 | 4.70 (1.55–16.24) | 6.07 (1.92–21.96) | 4.26 (1.22–16.52) | ||
| p trend | 0.0158 | 0.0042 | 0.0324 | ||||
Q quartile, GRS genetic risk score, MRS methylation risk score, LC lung cancer, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref. reference category
aQuartiles of risk score among controls
bModel 1: without adjustment for any covariates for GRS and adjusted for batch (3 subsets) and leukocyte composition for MRS
cModel 2: like model 1, additionally adjusted for age and sex
dModel 3: like model 2, additionally adjusted for smoking status and pack-years