Table 3.
Associations of intimate partners violence and nutritional status, measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) and anemia among married Nepalese women of reproductive age (N = 3293)
| Nutritional status with IPV (excluding controlling behaviours) | Nutritional status with IPV (including controlling behaviours) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Vs. Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | Normal Vs. Overweight (BMI > 25.0) |
Anemia (Hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl) | Normal Vs. Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | Normal Vs. Overweight (BMI > 25.0) |
Anemia (Hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl) | |
| Adj. RRR (95%, CI) | Adj. RRR (95%, CI) | Adj. OR (95%, CI) | Adj. RRR (95%, CI) | Adj. RRR (95%, CI) | Adj. OR (95%, CI) | |
| Experience of intimate partner violence (ref: no) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | 0.77 (0.57–1.03) | 1.21 (0.98–1.52) | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) | 1.31** (1.11–1.54) |
| Woman’s age | 0.98* (0.96–0.99) | 1.05*** (1.04–1.07) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.98* (0.96–0.99) | 1.05*** (1.03–1.07) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) |
| Woman’s schooling years | 0.96* (0.92–0.99) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.96* (0.92–0.99) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Family size | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Caste/ethnicity (ref: Dalit) | ||||||
| Muslim | 1.6 (0.92–2.86) | 0.67 (0.57–1.03) | 1.42 (0.85–2.38) | 1.6 (0.92–2.87) | 0.67 (0.33–1.35) | 1.42 (0.86–2.37) |
| Janajati | 0.55* (0.37–0.81) | 1.10 (0.79–1.52) | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) | 0.54** (0.36–0.80) | 1.10 (0.80–1.52) | 0.91 (0.65–1.28) |
| Other terai caste | 1.00 (0.62–1.62) | 0.44*** (0.27–0.72) | 1.53 (0.98–2.43) | 1.00 (0.62–1.63) | 0.44*** (0.27–0.72) | 1.53 (0.96–2.42) |
| Brahmin/Chhetri | 0.54* (0.37–0.79) | 0.63** (0.45–0.89) | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 0.53** (0.36–0.78) | 0.63** (0.45–0.89) | 1.00 (0.71–1.40) |
| Other | 0.46 (0.18–1.19) | 1.04 (0.65–1.69) | 0.51* (0.27–0.96) | 0.46 (0.18–1.18) | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) | 0.51* (0.27–0.96) |
| Place of residence (ref: urban) | ||||||
| Rural | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 0.96 (0.74–1.25) | 1.17 (0.90–1.51) | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) | 0.96 (0.74–1.25) | 1.18 (0.91–1.52) |
| Wealth quintiles (ref: poorest) | ||||||
| Second poorest | 1.14 (0.83–1.58) | 1.97*** (1.38–2.83) | 1.52** (1.14–1.03) | 1.15 (0.83–1.59) | 1.98*** (1.38–2.84) | 1.51** (1.14–1.02) |
| Middle | 0.79 (0.54–1.15) | 1.63* (1.09–2.44) | 2.12*** (1.57–2.85) | 0.80 (0.54–1.17) | 1.63* (1.09–2.44) | 2.09*** (1.56–2.81) |
| Second richest | 1.02 (0.66–1.56) | 4.23*** (2.91–6.13) | 1.93*** (1.40–2.66) | 1.02 (0.66–1.58) | 4.28*** (2.94–6.24) | 1.89*** (1.38–2.60) |
| Richest | 0.47* (0.25–0.89) | 9.50*** (6.08–14.84) | 1.52* (1.05–2.21) | 0.47* (0.25–0.90) | 9.58*** (6.13–14.96) | 1.50* (1.08–2.18) |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Adj. RRR Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio, Adj. OR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ref. Reference Category