Table 3.
Excess risks and 95% confidence intervals of emergency ambulance dispatches associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 at lag03, stratified by gender, age and season*
| Pollutants | Stratum | All-cause | Cardiovascular | Respiratory |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.01 (0.56, 1.46) | 0.38 (−0.78, 1.55) | 0.80 (−0.67, 2.29) | |
| Female | 0.54 (0.08, 0.99) | 0.48 (−0.49, 1.45) | 1.03 (−0.14, 2.22) | |
| Age | ||||
| < 65 | 0.63 (0.14, 1.13) | 0.37 (−0.71, 1.47) | −0.67 (−2.18, 0.86) | |
| ≥ 65 | 1.06 (0.61, 1.51) | 0.99 (0.02, 1.97) | 1.81 (0.73, 2.89) | |
| Season | ||||
| Warm | 0.84 (0.31, 1.37) | 0.74 (−0.62, 2.12) | 1.93 (0.25, 3.64) | |
| Cold | 1.02 (0.65, 1.39) | 1.06 (0.17, 1.95) | 2.05 (0.93, 3.17) | |
| PM2.5–10 | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.79 (0.88, 2.71) | 1.24 (−0.68, 3.20) | 1.93 (− 0.43, 4.34) | |
| Female | 1.45 (0.54, 2.38) | 2.15 (−0.18, 4.53) | 2.72 (−0.24, 5.76) | |
| Age | ||||
| < 65 | 0.54 (−0.45, 1.54) | 2.03 (0.10, 4.01) | −0.42 (−3.42, 2.66) | |
| ≥ 65 | 2.62 (1.72, 3.54) | 2.32 (0.14, 4.55) | 3.52 (1.34, 5.74) | |
| Season | ||||
| Warm | 2.77 (1.41, 4.15) | 5.60 (2.08, 9.23) | 4.36 (2.15, 6.61) | |
| Cold | 1.84 (1.11, 2.59) | 1.58 (−0.15, 3.33) | 3.82 (− 0.51, 8.34) | |
| PM10 | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 0.73 (0.41, 1.05) | 0.40 (−0.29, 1.08) | 0.74 (−0.30, 1.79) | |
| Female | 0.45 (0.13, 0.77) | 0.46 (−0.36, 1.28) | 0.76 (−0.07, 1.59) | |
| Age | ||||
| < 65 | 0.38 (0.03, 0.74) | 0.48 (−0.29, 1.25) | −0.39 (−1.46, 0.69) | |
| ≥ 65 | 0.86 (0.54, 1.18) | 0.75 (0.06, 1.44) | 1.34 (0.58, 2.10) | |
| Seasona | ||||
| Warm | 0.76 (0.35, 1.17) | 0.95 (−0.10, 2.01) | 1.53 (0.76, 2.31) | |
| Cold | 0.72 (0.46, 0.98) | 0.71 (0.10, 1.32) | 1.50 (0.20, 2.82) | |
*Data in bold indicated that the differences between the effect estimates of the strata were statistically significant (p < 0.05)
a Warm season was defined as April to September, and cold season was October to March