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. 2020 Jun 11;10:942. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00942

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Copyright © 2020 Yu, Gong and Ye.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effects of metabolic reprogramming in cancer development and metastasis. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, mainly including glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipogenesis can enhance their metastatic abilities. The products of rewired metabolism like lactate, methylglyoxal (MG) and glutamate as well as up-regulated key enzymes or concerning transporters in energy metabolism such as glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GDH1), glutaminase 1(GLS1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), ATP-citrate lyse (ACLY) and glucose transporter 1(GLUT1) are the potential regulatory mechanisms in addition to suppressed mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These regulators can give rise to activation of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis, anoikis resistance, and enhanced invasiveness, which assist primary cancer cells in invading blood vessels and metastasizing to distant organs. In addition, rewired metabolism also promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition, contributing to the metastasis of malignant cells.