Fig. 1.

AATK low expression correlated with QM-PDA patients by TCGA database analysis. a Heatmap showing three subtypes of PDA in the TCGA dataset. b The proportion of patients with low AATK mRNA expression was significantly higher in the QM-PDA patient group. c Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that QM-PDA patients had significantly worse overall survival than did non-QM subtype. d DNA methylation signature of QM-PDA clusters with primary tumor CAFs. A total of 6134 CpG sites were shown by comparing the QM vs non-QM mRNA expression datasets of TCGA at the level of p ≤ 0.05, FDR ≤ 0.01, and ≥ 5% differences in methylation