Table 1.
Descriptive statistics
Total | NCMS | URBMI | UEBMI | Statistica | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | |||
Demographic variables | ||||||
Gender | 127 | < 0.001 | ||||
Male | 6247(47.7) | 5060(46.5) | 958(60.0) | 229(37.9) | ||
Female | 6840(52.3) | 5826(53.5) | 638(40.0) | 376(62.1) | ||
Age | 75 | < 0.001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 60.8 ± 9.3 | 60.5 ± 9.3 | 62.7 ± 9.5 | 61.4 ± 9.5 | ||
Education | 501 | < 0.001 | ||||
Illiteracy | 3342(25.5) | 3191(29.3) | 73(4.6) | 78(12.9) | ||
Literacy | 9745(74.5) | 7695(70.7) | 1523(95.4) | 527(87.1) | ||
Marital | 17 | < 0.001 | ||||
Married | 10,791(82.5) | 8923(82.0) | 1374(86.1) | 494(81.7) | ||
Others | 2296(17.5) | 1963(18.0) | 222(13.9) | 111(18.3) | ||
Log(Income) | 1515 | < 0.001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 4.4 | 4 ± 4.1 | 7.8 ± 4.5 | 5.2 ± 4.7 | ||
DVs and other IVs | ||||||
Self-reported health | 118 | < 0.001 | ||||
Poor | 2927(22.4) | 2611(24.0) | 199(12.5) | 117(19.3) | ||
Fair | 7191(54.9) | 5927(54.4) | 919(57.6) | 345(57.0) | ||
Good | 1476(11.3) | 1145(10.5) | 256(16.0) | 75(12.4) | ||
Very good | 1341(10.2) | 1076(9.9) | 203(12.7) | 62(10.3) | ||
Excellent | 152(1.2) | 127(1.2) | 19(1.2) | 6(1.0) | ||
ADLs | 46 | < 0.001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 0.4 ± 1 | 0.4 ± 1 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 1 | ||
IADLs | 179 | < 0.001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 1 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | ||
Demand | 17 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 811(6.2) | 706(6.5) | 62(3.9) | 43(7.1) | ||
No | 12,276(93.8) | 10,180(93.5) | 1534(96.1) | 562(92.9) | ||
Hospitals | 344 | < 0.001 | ||||
One or more | 8181(62.5) | 6421(59.0) | 1274(79.8) | 486(80.3) | ||
No | 4906(37.5) | 4465(41.0) | 322(20.2) | 119(19.7) | ||
Health centers | 1515 | < 0.001 | ||||
One or more | 2396(18.3) | 1350(12.4) | 777(48.7) | 269(44.5) | ||
No | 10,691(81.7) | 9536(87.6) | 819(51.3) | 336(55.5) | ||
Clinics | 3291 | < 0.001 | ||||
One or more | 10,669(81.5) | 9821(90.2) | 561(35.2) | 287(47.4) | ||
No | 2418(18.5) | 1065(9.8) | 1035(64.8) | 318(52.6) | ||
Provincesb | ||||||
Chronicb | ||||||
Log (Medical Expenditure) | 18 | < 0.001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 2 ± 3.4 | 2 ± 3.3 | 2.4 ± 3.8 | 2.2 ± 3.6 |
Legends: a: Kruskal-Wallis is used to assess differences between group
b: See Table 1S in Additional file 1