Figure 4.

Gut microbiota composition associated with calorie restriction in N and df/df mice. (A) Experimental design for microbiome normalization using littermates normal (N) and Ames dwarf mice (df/df). Fecal samples for DNA isolation were taken from parents (N-AL, N-CR, df/df-AL, df/df-CR). Luminal samples were collected from indicated locations (GI locations: ileum, cecum and distal colon) after the mice were sacrificed. (B–D) Alpha-diversity estimation using observed-richness, Shannon index, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. (E–G) Beta-diversity analysis of intestinal microbiota in distinct anatomical sites. Variance effect size using ADONIS test and NMDS ordination analysis using Bray–Curtis distances from luminal samples.