Table 3.

Diagnostic Performance of Muscle Measurements for Detecting Low Functional Performance (hand grip strength: comparing participants above and below 16/27 kg (females/males), Walking Pace: Comparing Slow Pace to Steady Average Pace and Brisk Pace, Stair Climbing (flights of stairs climbed last 4 weeks comparing none to 1 or more than 1 times a day), and Number of Falls: Comparing More than One Fall Last Year to None or Only One Fall)

ROC Functional Outcome	Group	Fat-Tissue Free Muscle Volume (FFMV)	FFMVVCG	Muscle Fat Infiltration (MFI)	FFMVVCG + MFI
Hand grip strength (N = 612)	All	0.62 (0.59–0.64)	0.65 (0.63–0.68)	0.62 (0.60–0.65)	0.67 (0.65–0.69)
	Females	0.65 (0.62–0.68)	0.65 (0.62–0.68)	0.63 (0.60–0.66)	0.67 (0.64–0.69)
	Males	0.71 (0.68–0.74)	0.66 (0.63–0.69)	0.62 (0.59–0.66)	0.67 (0.64–0.70)
Stair climbing (N = 758)	All	0.48 (0.46–0.50)	0.59 (0.57–0.61)	0.59 (0.57–0.61)	0.60 (0.58–0.62)
	Females	0.57 (0.54–0.60)	0.61 (0.58–0.64)	0.63 (0.60–0.65)	0.64 (0.61–0.67)
	Males	0.55 (0.52–0.58)	0.57 (0.54–0.60)	0.57 (0.54–0.60)	0.58 (0.55–0.61)
Walking pace (N = 420)	All	0.55 (0.53–0.58)	0.66 (0.64–0.69)	0.75 (0.72–0.77)	0.76 (0.74–0.78)
	Females	0.55 (0.51–0.59)	0.65 (0.61–0.69)	0.76 (0.73–0.78)	0.76 (0.73–0.79)
	Males	0.56 (0.51–0.61)	0.68 (0.64–0.72)	0.74 (0.70–0.78)	0.76 (0.72–0.80)
Number of falls (N = 457)	All	0.55 (0.53–0.58)	0.53 (0.50–0.55)	0.61 (0.58–0.64)	0.61 (0.58–0.64)
	Females	0.51 (0.48–0.55)	0.53 (0.49–0.56)	0.62 (0.58–0.65)	0.62 (0.58–0.65)
	Males	0.51 (0.46–0.55)	0.53 (0.48–0.57)	0.57 (0.52–0.61)	0.57 (0.53–0.61)

Values are area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves with associated confidence intervals. Predictors were the predicted values extracted from four logistic regressions predicting the functional outcomes using (i) fat–free muscle volume/height² (FFMV/height²), (ii) FFMV_VCG, (iii) muscle fat infiltration (MFI), and (iv) FFMV_VCG and MFI. VCG, virtual control group.