Table 2.
Cord blood and early breast milk levels of Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5HT) of mothers giving birth at term vaginally or by Caesarean section and those delivering preterm (median with 25th and 75th centiles)
| SIRT 3 (ng/ml) | 8-OHdG (pg/ml) | BDNF (ng/ml) | 5-HT (ng/ml) | Compared Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Venous cord blood |
p = 0.001** X2 = 13.61 |
p < 0.001** X2 = 21.82 |
p < 0.001** X2 = 38.55 |
p = 0.09 X2 = 4.91 |
1–2-3 | ||||
| 1. Vaginal birth at term (N = 27) | 0.27 (0.23;034) |
p = 0.224 Z = -1.22 |
7.42 (0.05;14.41) |
p = 0.54 Z = -0.61 |
77.94 (64.03;119.09) |
p = 0.007** Z = -2.72 |
90.96 (55.53;110.64) |
p = 0.57 Z = -0.57 |
1–2 |
| 2. Caesarean section at term (N = 29) | 0.24 (0.18;0.31) |
p = 0.02* Z = -2.41 |
8.41 (1.34,15.48) |
p < 0.001** Z = -3.68 |
57.22 (54.76;76.80) |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.68 |
73.55 (56.59;107.29) |
p = 0.10 Z = -0.1.64 |
2–3 |
| 3. Preterm birth (N = 28) | 0.20 (0.15;0.24) |
p < 0.001** Z = -3.62 |
21.10 (11.63;26.87) |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.28 |
36.22 (24.83;47.17) |
p < 0.001** Z = -5.40 |
58.39 (45.52;90.70) |
p = 0.04* Z = -2.07 |
1–3 |
| II. Breast milk |
p = 0.184 X2 = 3.39 |
p = 0.01** X2 = 9.55 |
p = 0.03* X2 = 7.23 |
p = 0.02* X2 = 8.03 |
1–2-3 | ||||
| 1. Vaginal birth at term (N = 27) | 0.34 (0.17;1.27) |
p = 0.06 Z = -1.94 |
13.29 (4.15;30.45) |
p = 0.09 Z = -1.68 |
0.97 (0.76;1.11) |
p = 0.68 Z = -0.42 |
14.69 (6.13;24.10) |
p = 0.48 Z = -0.70 |
1–2 |
| 2. Caesarean section at term (N = 29) | 1.72 (0.26;5.25) |
p = 0.80 Z = -0.25 |
7.76 (3.20;17.6) |
p = 0.002** Z = -3.11 |
0.24 (0.20;0.94) |
p = 0.02* Z = -2.39 |
8.65 (3.43;23.35) |
p = 0.01* Z = -2.50 |
2–3 |
| 3. Preterm birth (N = 28) | 2.19 (0.23;5.77) |
p = 0.22 Z = -1.23 |
15.30 (10.85;35.97) |
p = 0.24 Z = -1.17 |
0.03 (0.02;0.11) |
p = 0.008** Z = -2.65 |
25.82 (11.04;34.72) |
p = 0.02* Z = -2.25 |
1–3 |
| I-II. Cord blood and breast milk | |||||||||
| 1. Vaginal birth at term (N = 27) |
p = 0.08 Z = -1.75 |
p = 0.01* Z = -2.46 |
p = 0.03* Z = -2.20 |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.37 |
|||||
| 2. Caesarean section at term (N = 29) |
p < 0.001** Z = -3.80 |
p = 0.61 Z = -0.51 |
p = 0.02* Z = -2.37 |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.76 |
|||||
| 3. Preterm birth (N = 28) |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.00 |
p = 0.70 Z = -0.38 |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.78 |
p < 0.001** Z = -4.74 |
|||||
Comparisons between three groups (1,2,3) by Kruskal-Wallis test, between two groups (1–2 or 2–3 or 1–3) by Mann-Whitney U test and between venous cord blood and breast milk (I-II.) were done by Wilcoxon test
**= p < 0.01, *= p < 0.05