Table 5.

Adjusted regression models on depression outcome

		Model 1: log km		Model 2: within or outside 10 km		Model 3: within or outside 5 km
		Adjusted RR (95% CI)	p value	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	p value	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	p value
Distance		1·01 (1·00–1·03)	0·097	1·03 (0·98–1·08)	0·21	1·08 (1·03–1·14)	0·0029
Sex
	Male	..	..	..	..	..	..
	Female	1·09 (1·04–1·14)	0·0002	1·09 (1·04–1·14)	0·0001	1·09 (1·04–1·14)	0·0001
Population group
	White	..	..	..	..	..	..
	African	1·67 (1·38–2·02)	<0·0001	1·58 (1·30–1·91)	<0·0001	1·57 (1·30–1·90)	<0·0001
	Coloured	1·37 (1·12–1·68)	0·0020	1·28 (1·05–1·56)	0·017	1·27 (1·04–1·55)	0·020
	Asian or Indian	1·15 (0·83–1·59)	0·41	1·09 (0·79–1·51)	0·60	1·09 (0·79–1·51)	0·61
Age category
	15–19 years	..	..	..	..	..	..
	20–24 years	1·41 (1·30–1·53)	<0·0001	1·41 (1·30–1·53)	<0·0001	1·41 (1·30–1·53)	<0·0001
	25–29 years	1·55 (1·43–1·69)	<0·0001	1·54 (1·42–1·68)	<0·0001	1·54 (1·42–1·68)	<0·0001
	30–34 years	1·53 (1·39–1·68)	<0·0001	1·51 (1·38–1·66)	<0·0001	1·51 (1·38–1·66)	<0·0001
	35–64 years	1·83 (1·70–1·98)	<0·0001	1·82 (1·69–1·97)	<0·0001	1·82 (1·68–1·96)	<0·0001
	≥65 years	1·76 (1·59–1·96)	<0·0001	1·73 (1·56–1·93)	<0·0001	1·73 (1·55–1·92)	<0·0001
Martial status
	Single	..	..	..	..	..	..
	Living with partner	1·16 (1·06–1·26)	0·0008	1·16 (1·06–1·26)	0·0007	1·16 (1·06–1·26)	0·0008
	Widow or widower	1·32 (1·22–1·43)	<0·0001	1·32 (1·22–1·43)	<0·0001	1·32 (1·22–1·43)	<0·0001
	Divorced or separated	1·31 (1·15–1·49)	0·0001	1·29 (1·13–1·48)	0·0002	1·29 (1·13–1·47)	0·0002
	Never married	1·25 (1·18–1·32)	<0·0001	1·25 (1·18–1·33)	<0·0001	1·25 (1·18–1·33)	<0·0001
Highest educational attainment
	High school not completed	..	..	..	..	..	..
	Completed high school	0·89 (0·84–0·95)	0·0004	0·89 (0·84–0·95)	0·0002	0·89 (0·83–0·94)	0·0001
	Beyond high school	0·72 (0·66–0·78)	<0·0001	0·71 (0·65–0·77)	<0·0001	0·71 (0·65–0·77)	<0·0001
Employment status
	Unemployed	..	..	..	..	..	..
	Employed	0·88 (0·84–0·93)	<0·0001	0·88 (0·84–0·92)	<0·0001	0·88 (0·84–0·92)	<0·0001
Household income quintile
	1 (lowest)	..	..	..	..	..	..
	2	0·94 (0·90–1·00)	0·036	0·95 (0·90–1·00)	0·047	0·95 (0·90–1·00)	0·051
	3	0·90 (0·85–0·95)	0·0005	0·90 (0·85–0·95)	0·0005	0·90 (0·85–0·96)	0·0005
	4	0·85 (0·80–0·90)	<0·0001	0·85 (0·80–0·91)	<0·0001	0·85 (0·80–0·91)	<0·0001
	5 (highest)	0·72 (0·66–0·78)	<0·0001	0·71 (0·65–0·77)	<0·0001	0·71 (0·65–0·77)	<0·0001
Residential area
	Rural	..	..	..	..	..	..
	Urban formal	1·20 (1·15–1·26)	<0·0001	1·17 (1·12–1·23)	<0·0001	1·16 (1·11–1·21)	<0·0001
	Urban informal	1·28 (1·19–1·37)	<0·0001	1·23 (1·15–1·32)	<0·0001	1·22 (1·13–1·30)	<0·0001

The term “coloured” is used by Statistics South Africa,⁴⁹ a South African ethnic label that includes children and descendants from black-white, black-Asian, black-coloured, and white-Asian unions.⁵⁰ The regression model is adjusted on the basis of post-stratification weight (from final observation of the individual panel) to reflect more recent population estimates produced by Statistics South Africa. RR=relative risk.