Table 3. Associations between long-term PM_2.5 and cause-specific mortality in different ages and sexes in Queensland and Brisbane.

Subgroup	Area	Non-accidental		Cardiovascular		Respiratory		Total
		Percent increase (95% CI)	p-Value	Percent increase (95% CI)	p-Value	Percent increase (95% CI)	p-Value	Percent increase (95% CI)	p-Value
<65 ages	Brisbane	2.33	0.26	−3.23	0.18	4.50	0.45	3.36	0.04
		(−1.59, 6.40)		(−8.39, 1.61)		(−6.76, 17.00)		(0.10, 6.61)
	Queensland	6.18	<0.01	6.50	<0.01	3.98	0.13	5.76	<0.01
		(4.29, 8.11)		(4.08, 9.20)		(−1.19, 9.42)		(4.29, 7.25)
≥65 ages	Brisbane	5.02	<0.01	4.08	<0.01	5.55	<0.01	4.92	<0.01
		(3.46, 6.50)		(2.22, 6.08)		(1.61, 9.75)		(3.46, 6.61)
	Queensland	1.41	<0.01	0.70	0.07	5.65	<0.01	1.21	<0.01
		(0.70, 2.12)		(−0.10, 1.61)		(3.77, 7.57)		(0.60, 1.92)
Female	Brisbane	7.79	<0.01	6.50	<0.01	11.29	<0.01	7.90	<0.01
		(5.76, 9.75)		(3.98, 9.09)		(5.55, 17.23)		(5.97, 9.86)
	Queensland	2.84	<0.01	2.12	<0.01	7.57	<0.01	2.84	<0.01
		(1.92, 3.77)		(1.01, 3.36)		(4.92, 10.19)		(1.92, 3.67)
Male	Brisbane	1.82	0.08	0.10	0.88	0.70	0.78	2.02	0.04
		(−0.20, 3.87)		(−2.37, 2.74)		(−4.21, 5.87)		(0.10, 3.87)
	Queensland	1.21	<0.01	0.60	0.30	3.77	<0.01	1.31	<0.01
		(0.30, 2.02)		(−0.50, 1.82)		(1.41, 6.18)		(0.50, 2.22)

Data are presented as the percent increase in death. Total mortality includes 7 kinds of classification of diseases mortality (ICD10: F00–F99, G00–G99, I00–I99, J00–J99, K00–K93, N00–N99, V01–Y98). Non-accidental causes include all the above diseases mortality except for V01–Y98. Cardiovascular deaths (ICD-9: 390–459; ICD-10: I00–I99); respiratory causes (ICD-9: 460–519, ICD-10: J00–J99).

Abbreviation: PM_2.5, fine particulate matter (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm)