Table 2. ATD is one of the key genomic innovations that arose in Choanoflagellates which is important for multicellularity.

The symbol • (dot) indicates the presence of the gene, while a white box indicates the absence of the gene in that particular organism. In the case of Porifera and Nematoda which are marked with sky blue color fill, ATD is absent and the tRNA misselection inducing species tRNA^Thr(G4•U69) is also absent. ATD and tRNA^Thr(G4•U69) genes are absent in few Annelids and Arthropods hence the boxes are lightly shaded. The data for genes other than ATD are retrieved from King et al., 2003; Nichols et al., 2012; Richter et al., 2018; Sebé-Pedrós et al., 2010.

Process		Cell cycle regulation	HIF pathway	Immune response	Quality Control
Phylum	Organism
Choanoflagellate	S. rosetta	●	●	●	●
Porifera	X. testudinaria			●	●
Cnidaria	H. vulgaris	●	●	●	●
Nematoda	C. elegans	●	●		●
Arthropda	I. scapularis	●	●	●	●
Annelida	C. teleta	●	●	●	●
Platyhelminthus	S. mansoni	●	●	●	●
Mollusca	O. vulgaris	●	●	●	●
Echinodermata	S. purpuratus	●	●	●	●
Pisces	D. rerio	●	●	●	●
Amphibia	X. tropicalis	●	●	●	●
Aves	G. gallus	●	●	●	●
Reptiles	N. Naja	●	●	●	●
Mammals	H. sapiens	●	●	●	●
Protein/Gene		p53	PHD	NF-κB	ATD