Table 3.
Socio-Demographic, Injection risk, Sexual risk and HIV/HCV infection associations among injection substance use classesa
| Characteristic | Heroin/Cocaine Use vs. Heroin- Dominant Use | Methamphetamine-Dominant Use vs. Heroin-Dominant Use | Methamphetamine-Dominant Use vs. Heroin/Cocaine Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Age | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) | 7.34 (2.41–22.34) | 7.69 (2.44–25.00) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| (Non-Hispanic Black vs. Non-Hispanic White) | 1.32 (0.51–3.41) | 1.12 (0.35–3.49) | 0.83 (0.22–3.23) |
| (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic White) | 1.47 (0.94–2.29) | 1.96 (1.21–3.15) | 1.33 (0.75–2.38) |
| Educational Attainment | 0.69 (0.45–1.06) | 3.57 (2.04–6.25) | 5.12 (2.68–9.78) |
| Annual Income | 0.66 (0.42–1.03) | 1.85 (1.14–3.03) | 2.81 (1.56–5.08) |
| Health Insurance | |||
| No Insurance | 1.35 (0.88–2.09) | 0.37 (0.23–0.61) | 0.27 (0.15–0.50) |
| Medicaid | 0.53 (0.24–1.16) | 1.03 (0.53–1.99) | 1.96 (0.76–5.00) |
| Medicare | 1.80 (0.79–4.12) | 1.48 (0.57–3.84) | 0.82 (0.28–2.38) |
| Private | 0.46 (0.22–0.98) | 1.63 (0.96–2.80) | 3.57 (1.54–8.33) |
| Experiencing homelessness | 2.94 (1.90–4.56) | 0.56 (0.32–0.96) | 0.19 (0.10–0.36) |
| Sexual Orientation | 1.38 (0.72–2.64) | 36.31 (19.35–68.11) | 25.00 (12.50–50.00) |
| Risk Behaviors | |||
| Ever Overdose | 1.50 (0.96–2.33) | 0.61 (0.38–0.98) | 0.41 (0.23–0.72) |
| Amount Injecting per day | 1.26 (0.82–1.94) | 0.52 (0.31–0.89) | 0.42 (0.23–0.77) |
| Reused syringes | 1.30 (0.78–2.15) | 0.17 (0.10–0.28) | 0.13 (0.07–0.25) |
| Sharing works | 2.78 (1.80–4.28) | 0.41 (0.22–0.78) | 0.15 (0.07–0.30) |
| Private (in home) injection | 0.52 (0.34–0.80) | 5.95 (2.83–12.49) | 11.11 (5.00–25.00) |
| Public injection (street, park) | 5.75 (3.58–9.25) | 0.38 (0.19–0.75) | 0.07 (0.03–0.14) |
| Unprotected Sex | 1.58 (1.03–2.41) | 4.60 (2.70–7.85) | 2.94 (1.56–5.56) |
| Sex with PWID | 1.93 (1.23–3.01) | 7.52 (4.51–12.51) | 3.85 (2.13–7.14) |
| Disease Status | |||
| HIV-positive | 1.09 (0.42–2.85) | 22.71 (12.47–41.38) | 20.00 (8.33–50.00) |
| HCV-positive | 1.73 (1.12–2.67) | 0.18 (0.09–0.36) | 0.10 (0.05–0.22) |
Note.
a
Associations are presented as unadjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals
Note. Bolded values indicate p <0.05.