Table 2.
Association of circulating electrolytes with prevalence of atrial fibrillation, ARIC study, 2011– 2013
| Magnesium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mg/dL | 1.0 – 1.9 | 2.0 – 2.0 | 2.1 – 2.1 | 2.2 – 2.2 | 2.3 – 3.2 | |
| AF | 245 | 136 | 112 | 75 | 46 | |
| N | 2188 | 1373 | 1412 | 891 | 530 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.80 (0.64,1.01) | 0.61 (0.48,0.77) | 0.61 (0.46,0.80) | 0.65 (0.46,0.91) | 0.80 (0.74,0.87) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.19 (0.99,1.43) | 0.95 (0.78,1.15) | 0.89 (0.71,1.12) | 0.82 (0.62,1.08) | 0.86 (0.78,0.94) |
| Calcium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mg/dL | 7.0 – 9.1 | 9.2 – 9.3 | 9.4 – 9.4 | 9.5 – 9.7 | 9.8 – 12.7 | |
| AF | 240 | 131 | 46 | 123 | 74 | |
| N | 1839 | 1420 | 660 | 1503 | 972 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.71 (0.56,0.89) | 0.57 (0.41,0.79) | 0.65 (0.51,0.82) | 0.65 (0.49,0.87) | 0.86 (0.80,0.94) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.02 (0.85,1.23) | 0.80 (0.61,1.06) | 0.94 (0.78,1.13) | 0.94 (0.75,1.19) | 0.88 (0.80,0.97) |
| Potassium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mmol/L | 2.5 – 3.8 | 3.9 – 4.0 | 4.1 – 4.1 | 4.2 – 4.3 | 4.4 – 6.6 | |
| AF | 168 | 129 | 77 | 120 | 120 | |
| N | 1740 | 1491 | 753 | 1273 | 1137 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.80 (0.63,1.03) | 0.90 (0.67,1.20) | 0.81 (0.63,1.04) | 0.89 (0.69,1.15) | 1.00 (0.91,1.10) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.02 (0.85,1.22) | 1.09 (0.87,1.36) | 0.93 (0.77,1.12) | 0.82 (0.68,1.00) | 0.91 (0.83,1.01) |
| Phosphorus | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mg/dL | 1.8 – 3.1 | 3.2 – 3.3 | 3.4 – 3.6 | 3.7 – 3.8 | 3.9 – 6.2 | |
| AF | 171 | 102 | 153 | 87 | 101 | |
| N | 1549 | 1014 | 1679 | 905 | 1247 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.72,1.23) | 0.91 (0.71,1.15) | 0.99 (0.74,1.32) | 0.84 (0.64,1.11) | 0.98 (0.89,1.08) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (0.93,1.39) | 0.98 (0.83,1.16) | 1.06 (0.86,1.32) | 0.73 (0.59,0.89) | 0.88 (0.79,0.97) |
| Chloride | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mmol/L | 84 – 98 | 99 – 100 | 101 – 101 | 102 – 103 | 104 – 111 | |
| AF | 176 | 157 | 64 | 141 | 76 | |
| N | 1519 | 1674 | 900 | 1435 | 866 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.82 (0.65,1.03) | 0.61 (0.45,0.82) | 0.87 (0.69,1.11) | 0.78 (0.58,1.04) | 0.90 (0.83,0.98) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.87,1.23) | 0.79 (0.63,1.00) | 1.14 (0.95,1.36) | 0.95 (0.76,1.19) | 0.95 (0.87,1.04) |
| Sodium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mmol/L | 122 – 137 | 138 – 139 | 140 – 140 | 141 – 141 | 142 – 149 | |
| AF | 181 | 194 | 85 | 67 | 87 | |
| N | 1573 | 2124 | 1075 | 741 | 881 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.83 (0.67,1.03) | 0.73 (0.55,0.96) | 0.85 (0.63,1.15) | 0.95 (0.72,1.26) | 0.95 (0.87,1.03) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 0.96 (0.82,1.13) | 0.89 (0.72,1.10) | 1.04 (0.82,1.31) | 1.02 (0.82,1.27) | 0.95 (0.84,1.04) |
AF: atrial fibrillation. CI: confidence interval. OR: odds ratio.
1
Unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and race
2
Unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race, center, smoking (never, former, current), physical activity, alcohol intake, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, diuretic use, ACEI/ARB use, other antihypertensive use, diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, eGFR
3
One standard deviation is 0.2 mg/dL for magnesium, 0.40 mg/dL for calcium, 0.36 mmol/L for potassium, 0.46 mg/dL for phosphorus, 3.1 mmol/L for chloride, and 2.6 mmol/L for sodium