Table 3.
Association of circulating electrolytes with prevalence of premature atrial contractions in standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, ARIC study, 2011–2013
| Magnesium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mg/dL | 1.0 – 1.9 | 2.0 – 2.0 | 2.1 – 2.1 | 2.2 – 2.2 | 2.3 – 3.2 | |
| PAC present | 256 | 152 | 158 | 119 | 63 | |
| N | 1920 | 1233 | 1284 | 811 | 474 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.75,1.17) | 0.97 (0.78,1.21) | 1.13 (0.89,1.44) | 0.97 (0.71,1.31) | 1.00 (0.92,1.08) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.80,1.11) | 1.03 (0.88,1.22) | 1.15 (0.96,1.38) | 0.97 (0.77,1.23) | 1.05 (0.96,1.14) |
| Calcium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mg/dL | 7.0 – 9.1 | 9.2 – 9.3 | 9.4 – 9.4 | 9.5 – 9.7 | 9.8 – 12.7 | |
| PAC present | 233 | 180 | 75 | 161 | 99 | |
| N | 1580 | 1276 | 608 | 1368 | 890 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.79,1.22) | 0.83 (0.62,1.10) | 0.75 (0.60,0.93) | 0.67 (0.52,0.87) | 0.89 (0.82,0.96) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.20 (1.02,1.40) | 1.02 (0.82,1.26) | 0.89 (0.76,1.04) | 0.76 (0.63,0.92) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94) |
| Potassium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mmol/L | 2.5 – 3.8 | 3.9 – 4.0 | 4.1 – 4.1 | 4.2 – 4.3 | 4.4 – 6.5 | |
| PAC present | 188 | 150 | 95 | 157 | 158 | |
| N | 1558 | 1351 | 669 | 1144 | 1000 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.74,1.19) | 1.26 (0.96,1.65) | 1.24 (0.98,1.57) | 1.36 (1.08,1.73) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.27) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 0.86 (0.73,1.01) | 1.15 (0.95,1.40) | 1.09 (0.93,1.28) | 1.07 (0.90,1.27) | 1.12 (1.02,1.23) |
| Phosphorus | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mg/dL | 1.8 – 3.1 | 3.2 – 3.3 | 3.4 – 3.6 | 3.7 – 3.8 | 3.9 – 6.2 | |
| PAC present | 199 | 118 | 190 | 94 | 147 | |
| N | 1360 | 908 | 1514 | 810 | 1130 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.88 (0.68,1.13) | 0.87 (0.69,1.08) | 0.81 (0.62,1.07) | 0.94 (0.73,1.20) | 0.93 (0.85,1.02) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.84,1.20) | 0.97 (0.84,1.13) | 0.90 (0.74,1.09) | 0.98 (0.82,1.15) | 0.89 (0.81,0.98) |
| Chloride | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mmol/L | 84 – 98 | 99 – 100 | 101 – 101 | 102 – 103 | 104 – 110 | |
| PAC present | 176 | 189 | 86 | 179 | 118 | |
| N | 1328 | 1502 | 827 | 1284 | 781 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.76,1.19) | 0.76 (0.57,1.00) | 1.08 (0.86,1.36) | 1.11 (0.85,1.44) | 1.05 (0.97,1.13) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.84,1.14) | 0.79 (0.65,0.96) | 1.15 (0.99,1.34) | 1.16 (0.96,1.39) | 1.08 (0.99,1.17) |
| Sodium | Ql | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Per 1-SD3 |
| Range, mmol/L | 122 – 137 | 138 – 139 | 140 – 140 | 141 – 141 | 142 – 149 | |
| PAC present | 162 | 233 | 130 | 89 | 134 | |
| N | 1376 | 1913 | 985 | 664 | 784 | |
| OR (95%CI)1 | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.86,1.33) | 1.14 (0.89,1.47) | 1.13 (0.85,1.50) | 1.41 (1.09,1.82) | 1.11 (1.03,1.20) |
| OR (95%CI)2 | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.83,1.09) | 1.02 (0.86,1.21) | 1.00 (0.82,1.22) | 1.20 (1.00,1.43) | 1.11 (1.02,1.20) |
CI: confidence interval. OR: odds ratio. PAC: premature atrial contraction
Unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and race
Unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race, center, smoking (never, former, current), physical activity, alcohol intake, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, diuretic use, ACEI/ARB use, other antihypertensive use, diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, eGFR
One standard deviation is 0.2 mg/dL for magnesium, 0.40 mg/dL for calcium, 0.36 mmol/L for potassium, 0.46 mg/dL for phosphorus, 3.1 mmol/L for chloride, and 2.6 mmol/L for sodium