Table 1.
Lipid-lowering treatments and outcomes of the homozygous FH patients from the Italian and Chinese centers [18]
| Variable | Italy (n = 18) | China (n = 44) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age started pharmacotherapy treatment (years) | 5.6 ± 3.4 | 10.7 6 4.6 | < 0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 94.4 | 95.5 | 0.866 |
| Statins (%) | 88.9 | 95.5 | 0.339 |
| Ezetimibe (%) | 77.8 | 81.8 | 0.715 |
| Resins (%) | 66.7 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Fibrates (%) | 16.7 | 0 | 0.022 |
| Probucol (%) | 0 | 77.3 | < 0.001 |
| PCSK9 inhibitors (%) | 0 | 0 | – |
| Lomitapide (%) | 61.1 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Age started lomitapide (years) | 23.5 ± 4.1 | – | – |
| Lipoprotein apheresis (%) | 100 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Age started apheresis (years) | 8.9 ± 5.5 | – | – |
| Treated LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.6 ± 2.7* | 13.1 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
| ΔLDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 12.5 ± 5.0 | 2.6 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
| Treatment duration (years) | 17.4 ± 8.8 | 5.5 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol life (years)† | 258.9 ± 98.7 | 227.3 ± 112.8 |
0.305 0.792‡ |
| Mean LDL cholesterol exposure/year (mmol/L)† | 12.4 ± 3.0 | 14.6 ± 3.0 |
0.011 < 0.001‡ |
| CVD event, n (%) | 4 (22.2) | 20 (45.5) | 0.088 |
| Age at CVD event (years) | 19.0 ± 9.6 | 16.1 ± 5.8 | 0.421 |
| Death, n (%) | 3 (16.7) | 14 (31.8) | 0.225 |
| Age at death (years) | 20.3 ± 10.7 | 17.9 ± 6.2 | 0.586 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean 6 standard deviation, and categorical variables are expressed as proportions (Permission will be needed from Elsevier to reproduce this.)
CVD cardiovascular disease, LDL low-density lipoprotein, PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
*Time-average LDL cholesterol calculated using Kroon’s equation [14]
†Censored at age 30 years
‡Adjusted for (baseline) untreated LDL cholesterol