Table 1.
Chemical characterization of JUUL liquids and aerosol
| Flavor | Rich tobacco | Rich tobacco | Rich tobacco | Royal Creme | Apple | Mango | Mint |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pod design | Initial | Modified | Modified | Initial | Initial | Initial | Initial |
| Declared nicotine concentration (mg/mL) | 20 | 18 | 9 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Characterization of liquids | |||||||
| Measured nicotine concentration (mg/mL) |
17.20 ± 0.13 (3 pods) |
17.69 ± 0.09 (3 pods) |
9.03 ± 0.14 (3 pods) |
17.41 ± 0.05 (3 pods) |
17.40 ± 0.28 (3 pods) |
17.78 ± 0.14 (3 pods) |
17.26 ± 0.21 (3 pods) |
| Density (g/cm3) | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 |
| Liquid basis (g/100 g) |
PG: 26.0 ± 1.6 VG: 56.8 ± 4.0 (5 pods) |
PG: 24.4 ± 2.1 VG: 55.8 ± 4.9 (3 pods) |
PG: 27.6 ± 0.1 VG: 61.2 ± 0.8 (3 pods) |
PG: 23.8 ± 1.5 VG: 64.7 ± 3.5 (3 pods) |
PG: 24.0 ± 1.6 VG: 62.5 ± 4.4 (3 pods) |
PG: 24.9 ± 0.2 VG: 65.8 ± 0.7 (3 pod) |
PG: 23.6 ± 0.4 VG: 65.6 ± 1.2 (4 pods) |
| pH value (of 1:20 dilution in ultrapure water) |
5.51 (1 pod) |
5.42 (1 pod) |
5.40 (1 pod) |
5.42 (1 pod) |
5.74 (1 pod) |
5.56 (1 pod) |
5.52 (1 pod) |
| Benzoic acid (mg/mL) |
9.64 ± 0.05 (3 pods) |
12.67 ± 0.38 (3 pod) |
7.02 ± 0.21 (3 pods) |
9.24 ± 0.04 (3 pods) |
8.82 ± 0.59 (3 pods) |
9.24 ± 0.09 (3 pods) |
9.17 ± 0.02 (3 pods) |
|
Molar ratio (Nicotine:Benzoic acid) |
1:0.7 | 1:1.0 | 1:1.0 | 1:0.7 | 1:0.7 | 1:0.7 | 1:0.7 |
| Characterization of aerosol | |||||||
|
TPM (mg per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
1.6 ± 0.4 (20 pods) |
3.7 ± 0.7 (6 pods) |
3.7 ± 0.7 (6 pods) |
1.8 ± 0.5 (2 pods) |
1.8 ± 0.3 (2 pods) |
1.8 ± 0.3 (2 pods) |
1.9 ± 0.3 (2 pods) |
|
Nicotine (µg per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
23 ± 5 (20 pods) |
61 ± 12 (6 pods) |
30 ± 6 (6 pods) |
23 ± 7 (2 pods) |
23 ± 4 (2 pods) |
23 ± 4 (2 pods) |
24 ± 4 (2 pods) |
|
Benzoic acid (µg per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
21 ± 3 (2 pods) |
41 ± 6 (2 pods) |
22 ± 3 (2 pods) |
||||
|
Acetaldehyde (ng per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
76 ± 116 (4 pods) |
12 ± 13 (4 pods) |
|||||
|
Acetone (ng per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
3 ± 2 (4 pods) |
36 ± 10 (4 pods) |
|||||
|
Acrolein (ng per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
13 ± 7 (4 pods) |
7 ± 2 (4 pods) |
|||||
|
Formaldehyde (ng per puff) Mean of the first 160 puffs |
112 ± 117 (4 pods) |
11 ± 6 (4 pods) |
|||||
For all aerosol measurements, the commercially available mouth piece was used. Contents of benzoic acid in liquids and vapor, and pH values of liquids were determined in lab A. Density, liquid basis composition, nicotine content of liquids, and carbonyl emissions were analyzed in lab B. TPM and nicotine in the emissions were determined in both labs. Values are presented as mean values and corresponding absolute standard deviations