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. 2020 Jun 18;10:9928. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66644-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of antioxidant NAC and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on cells viability, caspase-3 activity, and surfactants (SPs) mRNA expression in SiO₂NPs-treated L2 alveolar epithelial cells. Cells were pretreated with NAC (1 mM) or LY294002 (2.5 μM) for 1 hour, and then treated with SiO₂NPs (100 μg/mL) for 48 hours. The cells viability was measured by MTT assay (A). Caspase 3 activities were detected by Caspase-3 activity assay kit (B). The mRNA expressions of SP-A (C), SP-B (D), SP-C (E), and SP-D (F) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. All data are presented as the means ± S.D. of four independent experiments with triplicate determination. *p < 0.05 as compared to vehicle control. ^#p < 0.05 as compared to SiO₂NPs groups.