Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, kinetic energy and haemodynamic variables of the 53 healthy volunteers involved in this research project. These values have been separated into entire study cohort, male and female. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
| Healthy Volunteers | Female (N = 21) | Males (N = 32) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45 ± 17 | 50 ± 17 | 42 ± 17 | 0.08 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.85 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.94 ± 0.13 | <0.01 |
| RV volumetric and functional assessment | ||||
| RVEDVi (ml/m2) | 84.77 ± 23.1 | 81.31 ± 21.2 | 87.03 ± 24.3 | 0.38 |
| RVESVi (ml/m2) | 35.74 ± 11.7 | 33.67 ± 8.95 | 37.09 ± 13.2 | 0.3 |
| RV SVi (ml/m2) | 51.19 ± 10.1 | 50.78 ± 10.2 | 51.46 ± 10.3 | 0.81 |
| RV EF (%) | 59.46 ± 6.14 | 60.39 ± 5.02 | 58.86 ± 6.78 | 0.38 |
| Right atrial area (mm) | 23.04 ± 4.09 | 22.31 ± 3.05 | 23.53 ± 4.64 | 0.3 |
| RAAi (mm) | 12.54 ± 2.21 | 13.14 ± 2.08 | 12.14 ± 2.23 | 0.11 |
| TAPSE | 28.36 ± 6.47 | 30.12 ± 7.34 | 27.2 ± 5.66 | 0.11 |
| Retrospective valve tracking assessment of tricuspid diastolic inflow | ||||
| RV peak E-wave velocity cm/s | 49.85 ± 10.1 | 49.69 ± 8.13 | 49.95 ± 11.3 | 0.93 |
| RV peak A-wave velocity cm/s | 38.8 ± 10.9 | 38.97 ± 9.2 | 38.68 ± 12.1 | 0.93 |
| RV KE E/A ratio | 1.37 ± 0.4 | 1.33 ± 0.31 | 1.4 ± 0.45 | 0.54 |
| TV SV (ml) | 87.9 ± 23 | 81.4 ± 18 | 92.1 ± 25 | 0.1 |
| RV KE assessment | ||||
| RV global KEiEDV µJ/ml | 4.6 ± 1.89 | 4.57 ± 1.07 | 4.63 ± 2.29 | 0.92 |
| RV minimum KEIEDV µJ/ml | 0.71 ± 0.57 | 0.84 ± 0.8 | 0.63 ± 0.34 | 0.19 |
| RV systolic KEiEDV µJ/ml | 8.12 ± 3.88 | 7.4 ± 1.89 | 8.6 ± 4.72 | 0.27 |
| RV diastolic KEiEDV µJ/ml | 2.68 ± 1.08 | 2.89 ± 0.96 | 2.53 ± 1.14 | 0.24 |
| RV peak E-wave KEiEDV µJ/ml | 5.53 ± 2.81 | 5.73 ± 2.94 | 5.4 ± 2.76 | 0.67 |
| RV peak A-wave KEiEDV µJ/ml | 4.59 ± 1.88 | 5.15 ± 1.66 | 4.22 ± 1.94 | 0.08 |
| RV KEiEDV E/A ratio | 1.51 ± 0.84 | 1.29 ± 0.57 | 1.65 ± 0.97 | 0.14 |
RV = right ventricle, RVEDVi = right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed, RVESVi = right ventricular end-systolic volume indexed. RV SV = RV stroke volume indexed RV EF = RV ejection fraction, RAAi = right atrial area indexed, TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, KEiEDV = kinetic energy indexed to end-diastolic volume. The P-value shows the statistical difference of the characteristics between the sexes.