Table 4.
Post-hoc analysis, divided according to age groups. Analysis of, both indexed and non-indexed for end-diastolic volume, volunteer haemodynamic and KE variables. The data is presented as the median ± interquartile range. The superscript letters (a–e) represent statistically significant inter-age group comparisons where P < 0.05.
| Age groups | (a) (n = 12) | (b) (n = 9) | (c) (n = 11) | (d) (n = 10) | (e) (n = 11) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (yrs) | 23 ± 2 | 32 ± 3 | 47 ± 4 | 54 ± 2 | 69 ± 6 | |
| RVEDVi (ml/m2) | 95.4 ± 19d,e | 95.8 ± 24.6d,e | 88.9 ± 20.3d,e | 77.7 ± 14.1a,b,c | 62.9 ± 24.6a,b,c | 0.01 |
| RVESVi (ml/m2) | 39.3 ± 12.2d,e | 36.4 ± 20.1e | 34 ± 12.7e | 31.8 ± 11.9a | 26.1 ± 10.8a,b,c | 0.01 |
| RVSVi (ml/m2) | 57 ± 8.18d,e | 55.2 ± 7.3e | 51.5 ± 12.2 | 48.2 ± 6.4a | 39 ± 19.3a,b | 0.04 |
| RV EF (%) | 56.4 ± 6 | 57.9 ± 11.4 | 59.7 ± 7.7 | 61.1 ± 8 | 60.1 ± 4.9 | 0.35 |
| RAAi (mm) | 11.6 ± 2.4 | 12.9 ± 3.3 | 13 ± 3 | 11 ± 1.4 | 12.7 ± 3.2 | 0.26 |
| TV peak E-wave velocity (cm/s) | 55.4 ± 14.9 | 49 ± 4.8 | 44.2 ± 8.7 | 47 ± 12.7 | 51.7 ± 21 | 0.34 |
| TV Peak A-wave velocity (cm/s) | 33.2 ± 11d,e | 36.9 ± 13.7d | 33.3 ± 15.9d | 44.6 ± 19.3a,b,c | 42.3 ± 11.3a | 0.02 |
| E/A ratio | 1.6 ± 0.4d,e | 1.5 ± 0.6d | 1.5 ± 0.5d | 1.1 ± 0.4a,b,c | 1.2 ± 0.5a | 0.01 |
| TV SV (ml) | 93.1 ± 38.9e | 96.3 ± 39.2e | 91.6 ± 20.5e | 81.7 ± 36 | 66.3 ± 27.5a,b,c | 0.02 |
| TAPSE | 29 ± 8.5 | 29.9 ± 9.3 | 29.6 ± 13.1 | 26.8 ± 6.9 | 25.6 ± 8.9 | 0.2 |
| RV global KEiEDV (µJ/ml) | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.1 ± 2.3 | 4.9 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 1 | 3.8 ± 2 | 0.62 |
| RV systolic KEiEDV (µJ/ml) | 8 ± 3.5 | 5.6 ± 5.6 | 8.3 ± 3.8 | 7.5 ± 3.4 | 6.8 ± 3.4 | 0.6 |
| RV diastolic KEiEDV (µJ/ml) | 2.6 ± 1 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.36 |
| RV peak E-wave KEiEDV (µJ/ml) | 5.6 ± 4 | 6.1 ± 3.7 | 3.7 ± 3.4 | 4.7 ± 3.7 | 4 ± 1.2 | 0.09 |
| RV peak A-wave KEiEDV (µJ/ml) | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 2.9 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 4.2 | 0.1 |
| RV KEiEDV E/A ratio | 2.1 ± 0.3d,e | 1.8 ± 1.8d.e | 1.5 ± 1d,e | 1 ± 0.5a,b,c | 0.7 ± 0.7a,b,c | <0.01 |
| RV global KE (mJ) | 8.6 ± 2.3 | 8.2 ± 3.5 | 8 ± 4.4 | 8.7 ± 3.8 | 6.1 ± 3.9 | 0.15 |
| RV systolic KE (mJ) | 16 ± 4 | 12.9 ± 8.5 | 14.1 ± 5.5 | 15.2 ± 8.1 | 10.3 ± 5.4 | 0.23 |
| RV diastolic KE (mJ) | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 2.5 | 4.3 ± 2.5 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 0.09 |
| RV peak E-wave KE (mJ) | 12 ± 6.7e | 11.7 ± 5e | 8.4 ± 5.4 | 8.2 ± 6 | 7 ± 1.6a,b | 0.05 |
| RV peak A-wave KE (mJ) | 6.5 ± 3.5 | 7.6 ± 4.5 | 8.3 ± 4.5 | 10 ± 4 | 8.5 ± 6.8 | 0.13 |
RV = right ventricle, RVEDVi = right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed, RVESVi = right ventricular end-systolic volume indexed, RV SVi = right ventricular stroke volume indexed, TV SV = tricuspid valve stroke volume TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, KEiEDV = kinetic energy indexed to end-diastolic volume.