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. 2020 Jun 18;11:3086. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16896-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, b Show the geographic distribution and relative frequency of amino acid substitutions in the ALS gene and ACCase gene, respectively. White portions of the pie charts show the frequency of wild-type sequence, while coloured portions represent the relative frequencies of each amino acid substitution. ‘Freq’ within the legend shows the overall allele frequency for each mutation across all tested populations. TSR genotype information was determined from ≥16 plants per population. Panels (c–e) show the observed proportion of individuals surviving herbicide (Y-axis) versus the proportion of individuals carrying a TSR resistance mutation (X-axis) for the ALS (SU), Fop and Dim herbicides, respectively. An expected 1:1 relationship is shown by the diagonal line. Points above the 1:1 line implicate the coexistence of TSR and NTSR mechanisms in respective populations. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.