Table 1.
Demographic, molecular and clinical characteristics of the cohort of study.
| Count (%) | Mean (SD) | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 35 (57.4%) | 61 | |
| Age at disease onset | 32.34 (15.28) | 61 | |
| Age at examination | 47.20 (13.85) | 61 | |
| Disease duration | 14.85 (9.37) | 61 | |
| BMI | 24.21 (4.78) | 61 | |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 8 (13.1%) | ||
| (CTG)n | 466.17 (269.32) | 53 | |
| MIRS score | 2.89 (0.84) | 61 | |
| Comorbidities | 61 | ||
| Hypertension | 11 (18%) | ||
| Steatosis | 21 (34.4%) | ||
| Diabetes type II | 6 (9.8%) | ||
| Cholelithiasis | 19 (31.1%) | ||
| Cholecistectomy | 12 (19.7%) | ||
| Hepatitis C | 1 (1.6%) | ||
| GI symptoms | 44 (72%) | 61 | |
| GERD | 24 (39.3%) | ||
| GERD (GSRS score) | 2.16 (1.69) | ||
| Abdominal discomfort | 27 (44.3%) | ||
| Abdominal discomfort (GSRS score) | 2.31 (1.80) | ||
| Abdominal pain | 20 (32.8%) | ||
| Abdominal pain (GSRS score) | 1.95 (1.62) | ||
| Constipation | 28 (45.9%) | ||
| Constipation (GSRS score) | 2.47 (1.83) | ||
| Diarrhea | 24 (39.3%) | ||
| Diarrhea (GSRS score) | 1.89 (1.38) | ||
| Constipation/Diarrhea | 15 (24.6%) | ||
| Medications | 61 | ||
| Mexiletine | 14 (23%) | ||
| Anti-hypertensives | 11 (18%) | ||
| Aspirin | 11 (18%) | ||
| Insulin | 3 (4.9%) | ||
| Metformin | 5 (8.2%) | ||
| Ursodeoxycholic acid | 5 (8.2%) | ||
| Hypolipidemic drugs (ezetimibe or omega 3-fatty acids) | 14 (23%) | ||
| Anti-constipation medicines | 7 (11.5%) | ||
| PPIs | 21 (34.4%) | ||
| Probiotics | 4 (6.6%) | ||
| Vitamine D supplements | 30 (49.2%) | ||
| Blood tests | |||
| Glucose | 91.8 (26.69) | 61 | |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (>110 UI/l) | 7 (11.5%) | 61 | |
| GPT | 38.46 (24.77) | 57 | |
| GPT out of range (>45 UI/l) | 17 (29.82%) | 57 | |
| GGT | 88.22 (101.71) | 60 | |
| GGT out of range (>36 UI/l) | 39 (65%) | 60 | |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 80.81 (31.66) | 54 | |
| Amylase | 58.53 (29.97) | 45 | |
| Total cholesterol | 188.22 (40.62) | 59 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dl) | 21 (35.59%) | 59 | |
| Triglycerides | 152.41 (71.14) | 59 | |
| Vitamine D | 24.75 (13.05) | 48 | |
| Vitamine D below the normal range (<30 UI/l) | 32 (66.67%) | 48 | |
| Creatinine | 0.75 (0.25) | 59 | |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | 14.39 (17.33) | 46 | |
| Intestinal permeability (IP) | |||
| Total IP | 6.71 (4.57) | 57 | |
| Altered | 52 (91.22%) | 57 |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, Body Mass Index; MIRS, muscular impairment rating scale; GI, gastrointestinal; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GSRS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; IP, intestinal permeability.