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. 2020 Jun 12;11:1103. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01103

TABLE 4.

Mann–Whitney U test for learning achievement.

Mean Rank U Z p d*
Posttest Traditional 51.13 112.000 −1.125 0.071
Gamified–Flipped Learning 55.12

*The effect size of the statistical analyses was determined using Cohen’s d (dcohen) (Cohen, 1988).