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. 2020 Jun 16;29:100556. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100556

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics stratified by the presence of coexistent AFL.

All patients
(n = 3931)		 AF only
(n = 3122, 79.4%)		 AF/AFL
(n = 809, 20.6%)		 p-value*
Age (years) 71 ± 10 72 ± 10 70 ± 9 0.0001
Sex (% women) 1108 (28.2) 924 (29.6) 184 (22.7) 0.0001
Body mass index (kg/m2) 27.5 ± 4.8 27.4 ± 4.8 27.6 ± 4.7 0.25
Heart rate (beats/min) 70 ± 17 70 ± 17 70 ± 18 0.83
Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
  • –

    Systolic

 134 ± 19 134 ± 19 133 ± 18 0.15
  • –

    Diastolic

 78 ± 12 78 ± 12 78 ± 12 0.95
AF Type, % <0.0001
  • –

    Paroxysmal

 1928 (49.1) 1529 (49.0) 399 (49.3)
  • –

    Persistent

 932 (23.7) 796 (25.5) 273 (33.8)
  • –

    Permanent

 1069 (27.2) 796 (25.5) 136 (16.8)
Time since diagnosis, years** 3.2 (0.8; 7.6) 3.1 (0.8; 7.4) 3.6 (1.0; 7.8) 0.98
  • –

    <1 year

 963 (24.5) 778 (24.9) 185 (22.9) 0.005
  • –

    1–2 years

 416 (10.6) 334 (10.7) 82 (10.1)
  • –

    2–5 years

 762 (19.4) 593 (19.0) 169 (20.9)
  • –

    5–10 years

 629 (16.0) 471 (15.1) 158 (19.5)
  • –

    ≥10 years

 625 (15.9) 497 (15.9) 128 (15.8)
Smoking Status, % 0.66
  • –

    Current

 310 (7.9) 245 (7.9) 65 (8.0)
  • –

    History

 1889 (48.0) 1486 (47.6) 403 (49.8)
  • –

    Never

 1728 (44.0) 1388 (44.5) 340 (42.0)
Education, % 0.02
  • –

    Basic

 477 (12.2) 400 (12.8) 77 (9.5)
  • –

    Middle

 1925 (49.0) 1533 (49.1) 392 (48.5)
  • –

    Advanced

 1515 (38.5) 1176 (37.7) 339 (41.9)
Regular physical activity, % 1899 (48.3) 1458 (46.7) 441 (54.5) < 0.0001
CHA2DS2-VASc Score 3.2 ± 1.8 3.2 ± 1.8 3.1 ± 1.7 0.01
Hypertension, % 2707 (68.9) 2160 (69.2) 547 (67.7) 0.39
Diabetes mellitus, % 616 (15.7) 482 (15.4) 134 (16.6) 0.43
History of Heart Failure, % 937 (23.8) 714 (22.9) 223 (27.6) 0.01
History of Myocardial Infarction, % 578 (14.7) 462 (14.8) 116 (14.3) 0.74
History of Stroke/TIA, % 672 (17.1) 562 (18.0) 110 (13.6) 0.009
History of CAD, % 1048 (26.7) 802 (25.7) 246 (30.4) 0.007
History of Renal Failure, % 733 (18.6) 557 (17.8) 176 (21.8) 0.02
Implanted device, % 690 (17.6) 510 (16.3) 180 (22.2) <0.0001
History of failed AAD, % 1257 (32.0) 905 (29.0) 352 (43.5) < 0.0001
Antiarrhythmic drugs, %
  • –

    Class Ic

 202 (5.1) 151 (4.8) 51 (6.3) 0.09
  • –

    Class II (Beta-blockers)

 2707 (69.9) 2145 (68.7) 562 (69.5) 0.68
  • –

    Class III

 711 (18.1) 546 (17.5) 156 (19.2) 0.06
History of Intervention, %
  • –

    PVI

 822 (20.9) 534 (17.1) 288 (35.6) < 0.0001
  • –

    CTI ablation

 473 (12.0) 97 (3.1) 376 (46.5) < 0.0001

Data are presented as means (±standard deviation) or as counts (percentages), as appropriate. Data may not sum to the given number due to missing data. AAD indicates antiarrhythmic drugs; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; CAD, coronary artery disease; CTI, cavotricuspid isthmus ablation; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; TIA, transient ischemic attack. AAD were classified according to the Vaughan Williams classification.

*

P-values were based on Student t tests or χ2 tests, as appropriate.

**

n = 536 missings.