Table 4.
Relationship of heart rhythm on ECG with symptom status and health perception.
| AF Rhythm (n = 1610, 41.0%) |
AFL Rhythm (n = 80, 2.0%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustment | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Any symptom | Age and sex | 0.56 (0.49–0.66) | <0.0001 | 2.11 (1.16–3.84) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate* | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | <0.0001 | 2.30 (1.26–4.20) | 0.007 | |
| Palpitations | Age and sex | 0.50 (0.43–0.57) | <0.0001 | 1.88 (1.17–3.03) | 0.009 |
| Multivariate* | 0.55 (0.47–0.64) | <0.0001 | 2.09 (1.30–3.39) | 0.003 | |
| Dyspnea | Age and sex | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | 0.12 | 3.40 (2.16–5.35) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate* | 1.05 (0.90–1.25) | 0.53 | 3.38 (2.13–5.35) | <0.0001 | |
| Chest pain | Age and sex | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) | 0.02 | 1.92 (1.09–3.38) | 0.02 |
| Multivariate* | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 0.02 | 1.95 (1.10–3.46) | 0.02 | |
| Effort intolerance | Age and sex | 0.71 (0.59–0.85) | 0.0002 | 1.23 (0.72–2.08) | 0.45 |
| Multivariate* | 0.71 (0.59–0.85) | 0.0003 | 1.29 (0.76–2.20) | 0.36 | |
| Fatigue | Age and sex | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.73 | 1.55 (0.91–2.65) | 0.11 |
| Multivariate* | 1.02 (0.84–1.22) | 0.86 | 1.60 (0.93–2.74) | 0.09 | |
| Dizziness | Age and sex | 0.66 (0.54–0.80) | <0.0001 | 0.73 (0.37–1.43) | 0.36 |
| Multivariate* | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | <0.0001 | 0.72 (0.37–1.43) | 0.35 | |
| Syncope | Age and sex | 0.41 (0.26–0.65) | 0.0001 | 0.64 (0.16–2.66) | 0.54 |
| Multivariate* | 0.43 (0.27–0.69) | 0.0004 | 0.64 (0.15–2.67) | 0.54 | |
| Anxiety | Age and sex | 0.46 (0.32–0.67) | <0.0001 | 0.23 (0.03–1.65) | 0.14 |
| Multivariate* | 0.50 (0.34–0.73) | 0.0004 | 0.26 (0.04–1.91) | 0.19 | |
| β-coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | β-coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Health perception VAS 0-100 |
Age and sex | −5.37 (−6.57 to −4.17) | <0.0001 | −11.66 (−15.61 to 7.71) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate* | −3.69 (−4.89 to 2.49) | <0.0001 | −9.70 (−13.56 to −5.84) | <0.0001 | |
ORs (95% CIs) and β –coefficient (95% CIs) are for patients in AF-, respectively AFL-rhythm, compared with patients in Sinus rhythm.
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; VAS, Visual Analog Scale.
n = 3684.
*
Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or aortocoronary bypass) and antiarrhythmic drugs.