Table 2.

Novel immunotherapies for recurrent pericarditis

	Initial dose	Tapering	Side effects	Pediatric population	Pregnancy	Available evidence	Price/vial
Anakinra	RRP or post-pericardiotomy RP: 1–2 mg/kg/daily up to 100 mg/daily [23]	Gradual tapering is suggested after 6 months (e.g. − 100 mg/week every month till 300 mg/weekly, and then − 100 mg/week every 2–3 months). Continue concomitant colchicine therapy, avoid corticosteroids [23]	Local reaction at the injection site; asymptomatic elevation of transaminases [23, 24]	Children with IRP have been treated successfully with anakinra [25, 26] Dose: 1–2 mg/kg/day (up to 100 mg/day). Overall, no serious side effects were observed in this patient population [27]	No data on the efficacy and safety of IL-1 inhibitors during pregnancy	Case series; Case reports; RCT (AIRTRIP trial) [24] The IRAP (International Registry of Anakinra for Pericarditis) study [28]	54 $
Canakinumab	Recurrent rheumatic disease-associated pericarditis: 150 mg/month [29]	Not reported	Not reported	One case report of unsuccessful use of canakinumab in a child with IRP [30] One case report of successful treatment with canakinumab in a child with IRP [27]	No data on the efficacy and safety of IL-1 inhibitors during pregnancy	Case report; Case series	16.000 $
Rilonacept	RRP or post-pericardiotomy RP: 320 mg once, then 160 mg weekly	Not reported	Local reaction at the injection site, skin abscess, chest pain [31]	Not available	No data on the efficacy and safety of IL-1 inhibitors during pregnancy	A multicenter phase 2 clinical trial	6000 $