Table 1.
The demographic and clinical profile of study participants, ECAS: Edinburgh Cognitive ALS Screen, ALSFRS-r: revised ALS functional rating scale, MND-FTD defined by the revised Strong criteria (Strong et al., 2017).
| Study Groups | ALS C9+ n = 12 | ALS C9- n = 88 | PLS n = 33 | HC n = 117 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.25 (16.454) | 60.18 (10.311) | 60.48 (10.488) | 57.38 (11.914) | 0.263 |
| Gender (male) | 6 (50%) | 56 (63.6%) | 19 (57.6%) | 56 (47.9%) | 0.598 |
| Education (years) | 12.50 (3.205) | 13.58 (3.169) | 12.88 (3.380) | 14.31 (3.294) | 0.053 |
| Handedness (right) | 9 (75%) | 81 (92%) | 29 (87.9%) | 109 (93.2%) | 0.185 |
| Cognitive impairment on ECAS | 7 (58.3%) | 19 (21.5%) | 8 (24.2%) | n/a | 0.023 |
| Comorbid FTD as per the Strong criteria | 8 (66.66%) | 7 (7.95%) | 1 (3.03%) | n/a | <0.01 |
| Onset (Bulbar) | 2 (16.66%) | 16 (18.18%) | 1 (3.03%) | n/a | 0.102 |
| Onset (Limb) | 10 (83.33%) | 72 (81.81%) | 32 (96.96%) | n/a | 0.102 |
| ALSFRS-R | 36.08 (7.585) | 36.69 (7.495) | 34.36 (5.337) | n/a | 0.272 |