Table 3.
Demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics of T2DM patients with different genotypes.
| GG (101) | GC (89) | CC (43) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 60 (55-67) | 60 (53-67) | 56 (52-64) | 0.210‡ |
| Female (%) | 36 (40.4) | 35 (34.7) | 20 (46.5) | 0.442§ |
| Education (year) | 10 (9-12) | 11 (9-12) | 10 (9-12) | 0.914‡ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.93 (22.87-27.09) | 14.09 (22.08-26.21) | 24.62 (23.60-25.88) | 0.318‡ |
| DM duration (year) | 10 (6-15) | 10 (8-16) | 10 (6-15) | 0.768‡ |
| HBP duration (year) | 6 (0-16) | 3 (0-10) | 1 (0-11) | 0.230‡ |
| Smoking (%) | 33 (37.1) | 36 (35.6) | 13 (30.2) | 0.737§ |
| Insulin usage (%) | 48 (53.9) | 60 (59.4) | 28 (65.1) | 0.442§ |
| Metformin usage (%) | 56 (62.9) | 59 (58.4) | 36 (83.7) | 0.013§∗ |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.6 (7.6-10.6) | 8.7 (7.8-10.5) | 8.6 (7.7-10.2) | 0.797‡ |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 7.40 (6.35-10.00) | 7.70 (6.61-9.47) | 8.00 (6.67-10.20) | 0.257‡ |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.48 (1.03-2.41) | 1.52 (0.90-2.67) | 1.67 (1.08-2.25) | 0.734‡ |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.93 ± 1.06 | 4.53 ± 1.20 | 3.94 ± 1.02 | <0.001†∗ |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 0.93 (1.09-1.31) | 1.10 (0.99-1.28) | 1.03 (0.87-1.27) | 0.341‡ |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 2.96 (2.50-3.70) | 2.77 (2.22-3.53) | 2.14 (1.76-2.71) | <0.001‡∗ |
| ApoA1 | 1.12 ± 0.28 | 1.11 ± 0.28 | 1.13 ± 0.33 | 0.869† |
| ApoB | 0.82 (0.71-0.97) | 0.81 (0.64-1.01) | 0.72 (0.59-0.85) | 0.005‡∗ |
| LPa | 143 (69-285) | 149 (79-318) | 111 (70-227) | 0.339‡ |
| MoCA | 26 (22-27) | 26 (24-27) | 27 (25-28) | 0.027‡∗ |
| DST | 12 (11-13) | 11 (10-13) | 12 (11-13) | 0.158‡ |
| VFT | 15 (13-18) | 16 (14-19) | 16 (14-20) | 0.123‡ |
| CDT | 4 (3-4) | 4 (3-4) | 4 (3-4) | 0.082‡ |
| TMTA | 61 (50-101) | 58 (48-71) | 57 (047-79) | 0.109‡ |
| TMTB | 160 (119-252) | 148 (115-189) | 128 (80-195) | 0.016‡∗ |
| AVLT-IR | 17 (14-21) | 18 (15-21) | 18 (15-23) | 0.391‡ |
| AVLT-DR | 5 (4-7) | 6 (5-7) | 6 (05-8) | 0.144‡ |
| LMT | 9.58 ± 4.76 | 9.24 ± 4.10 | 10.27 ± 4.68 | 0.461† |
BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; HBP: high blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1: apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; LPa: lipoprotein A; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; DST: Digit Span Test; VFT: Verbal Fluency Test; CDT: Clock Drawing Test; TMTA: Trail Making Test-A; TMTB: Trail Making Test-B; AVLT-IR: Auditory Verbal Learning test-immediate recall; AVLT-DR: Auditory Verbal Learning test-delayed recall; LMT: logical memory test; MCI: individuals with mild cognitive impairment; Non-MCI: individuals without mild cognitive impairment. The data are presented as n (%), the mean ± SD, or the median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified. †One-way ANOVA was employed for normally distributed variables. ‡The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed for asymmetrically distributed variables. §The chi-squared test was employed for categorical variables. ∗P < 0.05.