Table 1.
Study design characteristics for studies for readmissions for TKA.
| Study | Research study design | Data source | Year(s) of data | Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | Statistical model | Country/risk score creation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Solomon, Chibnik et al., 2006) [24] | Retrospective | CMS files and EHR system | 2000 | 9073 | NR | HMLR | USA/Yes |
| (Higuera, Elsharkawy et al., 2011) [25] (TKA subgroup) | Prospective | Single-center EHR system | 2008 | 352 | NR | HMLR | USA/No |
| (Cram, Lu et al., 2012-a) [21] (Primary TKA only) | Retrospective | CMS files | 1991-2010 | 915,562 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Cram, Lu et al., 2012-b) [21] (Revision TKA only) | Retrospective | CMS files | 1991-2010 | 74,935 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Pugely, Callaghan et al., 2013) [26] (TKA subgroup) | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2011 | 11,814 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Pugely, Martin et al., 2013) [27] | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2005-2010 | 14,052 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Mnatzaganian, Ryan et al., 2014-a) [22] (Subset1 predictors) | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 1996-1999 | 819 | NR | CPHR | Australia/No |
| (Mnatzaganian, Ryan et al., 2014-b) [22] (Subset2 predictors) | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 1996-1999 | 819 | NR | CPHR | Australia/No |
| (Mnatzaganian, Ryan et al., 2014-c) [22] (Subset3 predictors) | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 1996-1999 | 819 | NR | CPHR | Australia/No |
| (Schairer, Vail et al., 2014) [28] | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 2005-2011 | 1408 | NR | CPHR | USA/No |
| (Belmont, Goodman et al., 2016) [29] | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2011-2012 | 1754 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Feng, Lin et al., 2017) [30] | Retrospective | Single-center knee arthroplasty registry | 2008-2013 | 1542 | NR | MLR | China/No |
| (Lee, Kumar et al., 2017) [31] | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 2004-2013 | 3049 | NR | MLR | Korea/No |
| (Siracuse, Ippolito et al., 2017) [32] | Retrospective | HCUP for 4 states | 2006-2011 | 433,638 | 269,934 | MLR | USA/Yes |
| (Kimball, Nichols et al., 2018) [33] (TKA subgroup) | Retrospective | CMS files | 2014-2015 | 58,064 | NR | CPHR | USA/No |
| (Lehtonen, Hess et al., 2018) [34] | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2012-2015 | 137,209 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Saku, Madanat et al., 2018) [35] | Retrospective | Finnish Hospital Discharge Register | 2015 | 894 | NR | MLR | Finland/No |
| (Urish, Qin et al., 2018) [11] | Retrospective | HCUP | 2014 | 224,465 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Yohe, Funk et al., 2018) [36] | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2008-2014 | 12,026 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Ali, Louffler et al., 2019) [10] | Retrospective | NHS ES | 2006-2016 | 566,323 | NR | MLR | UK/No |
| (Zmistowski, Restrepo et al., 2013) [37] | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 2004-2008 | 5426 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Mesko, Bachmann et al., 2014) [38] | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 2010-2011 | 1291 THKA combined | 1291 (with bootstrapping of 1000 samples) | MLR | USA/Yes |
| (Tiberi, Hansen et al., 2014) [39] (Only for cirrhosis patients undergoing THKA) | Retrospective – 1:2 matched case control | Single-center EHR system | 2000-2012 | 230 THKA combined | NR | MLR | USA/Yes |
| (Ricciardi, Oi et al., 2017) [40] | Retrospective – 1:2 matched case control | Single-center EHR system | 2010-2014 | 21,864 THKA combined |
NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Sher, Keswani et al., 2017) [41] | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2011-2014 | 7474 THKA combined | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Yao, Keswani et al., 2017) [42] (TKA subgroup) | Retrospective | ACS-NSQIP | 2011-2014 | 71,293 | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Schroer, Diesfield et al., 2018) [43] | Retrospective | Multicenter (5) EHR system | 2014-2015 | 6968 THKA combined | NR | DS | USA/No |
| (Swenson, Bastian et al., 2018-a) [23] (30 day readmission) | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 2013- 2015 | 622 THKA combined | NR | MLR | USA/No |
| (Swenson, Bastian et al., 2018-b) [23] (90 day readmission) | Retrospective | Single-center EHR system | 2013-2015 | 622 THKA combined | NR | MLR | USA/No |
CPHR, Cox proportional hazards regression; DS, descriptive study; HCUP, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; HMLR, Hierarchical Logistic Regression Model using Generalized Estimating Equations; MLR, multivariate logistic regression; NHS ES, National Health Service Hospital Episode Statistics database; NR, not reported; Subset1, subset predictors of age and the number of comorbidities; Subset2, subset predictors of age and Charlson Comorbidity Index; Subset3, Subset predictors of age and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index; THKA, total hip or knee arthroplasty.