Table 3.
Number of times pathogens were identified in causal chain leading to death, by condition and age group
| Congenital infection (n) | Other condition (n) | Sepsis (n) | Lower respiratory tract infections (n) | Other infections (n) | Malaria (n) | Total instances of pathogen (n) | Unique cases with pathogen (n) | Cases in age group (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stillbirths (n=180) | |||||||||
| Cytomegalovirus | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 4% |
| E coli or Shigella | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 6 | 3% |
| S agalactiae | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 3% |
| E faecalis | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 3% |
| Streptococcus | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 3% |
| S pneumoniae | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1% |
| Treponema pallidum | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1% |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococcus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| Enterobacter | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 1 | 0 | v | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| H influenzae type B | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1% |
| K pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| P aeruginosa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| Sneathia amnionii | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1% |
| Neonatal deaths (n=449) | |||||||||
| A baumannii | 0 | 27 | 77 | 50 | 1 | 0 | 155 | 97 | 22% |
| K pneumoniae | 0 | 21 | 61 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 117 | 74 | 16% |
| E coli or Shigella | 0 | 12 | 20 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 27 | 6% |
| S agalactiae | 0 | 10 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 24 | 5% |
| S aureus | 0 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 16 | 4% |
| Streptococcus | 0 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 12 | 3% |
| E faecalis | 0 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 2% |
| Candida albicans | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 2% |
| S pneumoniae | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 2% |
| Candida glabrata | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1% |
| Cytomegalovirus | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 1% |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 1% |
| Enterococcus faecium | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 1% |
| Candida parapsilosis | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1% |
| Candida | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1% |
| Child deaths*(n=304) | |||||||||
| K pneumoniae | 0 | 11 | 55 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 86 | 28% |
| S pneumoniae | 0 | 7 | 22 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 54 | 18% |
| HIV | 0 | 38 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 40 | 13% |
| Cytomegalovirus | 4 | 12 | 4 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 34 | 11% |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 27 | 30 | 10% |
| A baumannii | 0 | 4 | 24 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 29 | 10% |
| S aureus | 0 | 2 | 12 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 28 | 9% |
| H influenzae | 0 | 1 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 20 | 7% |
| E coli | 0 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 19 | 6% |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 18 | 6% |
| Adenovirus | 0 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 16 | 5% |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | 0 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 16 | 5% |
| P aeruginosa | 0 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 15 | 5% |
| Streptococcus | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 10 | 3% |
| Parainfluenza virus type 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 3% |
The 15 most frequently identified pathogens for each age group are presented. The total number of conditions in the columns might exceed the total number of cases for each age group because cases could have more than one condition contributing to death. Cases with no pathogens identified in the causal chain were excluded from this table. E coli=Escherichia coli. S agalactiae=Streptococcus agalactiae. E faecalis=Enterococcus faecalis. S pneumoniae=Streptococcus pneumoniae. H influenzae=Haemophilus influenzae. K pneumoniae=Klebsiella pneumoniae. P aeruginosa=Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A baumannii=Acinetobacter baumannii. S aureus=Staphylococcus aureus.
Age 1–59 months.