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. 2020 Jun 1;12(24):27726–27736. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c05403

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Fluid flow generated by the MAC at 40 Hz. (A) Snapshot of one experiment to measure the flow generated by the MAC with a pitch of 350 μm in the central unciliated area. The colored lines (1–8) indicate the trajectories of the traced particles at different locations (and tracked for different durations) in the horizontal plane; they are moving on the PDMS substrate surface, that is the vertical distance between the center of the traced particles and the PDMS substrate equals the radius of these particles (6 μm). The white dots are 12 μm tracing particles. See also the Supporting Information, Movie S1. (B) Measured local flow speed calculated from tracer particle trajectories at the locations indicated in panel A. The MAC have a pitch of 350 μm. (C) Measured global flow speed in the channel integrated with ciliated surfaces with a cilia pitch of 250, 350, and 450 μm, respectively; see also the Supporting Information, Movie S3. The error bars are the standard deviations of the measurements.