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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(1):245–253. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191682

Table 3:

Gait kinematics for the subset of PD who, at their fast walking speed, exhibited similar speed as NTA walking at a comfortable speed.

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
NTA Comfortable (n=38) PwPD Fast (n=38) Mean difference Lower Upper p-value Cohen’s d effect size
Speed (m/s) 1.21 1.21 0.002 −0.07 0.08 0.961 0.01
Stride Length (m) 1.27 1.16 −0.11 0.16 0.05 <0.001 0.91
Cadence (steps/min) 112.94 124.08 11.14 6.18 16.09 <0.001 1.04
Swing Time (% stride) 39.54 40.02 0.48 −0.33 1.29 0.240 0.28
Arm RoM (deg) 48.11 41.79 −12.66 −20.32 −4.99 0.002 0.76
Turn Velocity (deg/s) 184.83 157.63 27.20 40.73 13.67 <0.001 0.93
Steps to turn (n) 3.76 4.54 0.78 0.48 1.08 <0.001 1.20
Trunk AP (deg) 8.35 7.62 -0.73 −1.87 0.41 0.205 0.30
Trunk ML (deg) 5.14 4.63 -0.51 −1.22 0.20 0.156 0.33
Step time Variability (a.u) 0.04 0.05 0.010 0.00 0.02 0.014 0.58
Swing time Variability (a.u) 0.02 0.02 0.002 0.00 0.01 0.344 0.22
LyE- Lumbar (a.u) 0.40* 0.51** 0.10 0.06 0.14 <0.001 1.24
LyE- Trunk (a.u) 0.32* 0.38** 0.06 0.02 0.10 0.007 0.68
Double Support Time (% stride) 10.40 10.00 −0.39 −1.33 0.55 0.409 0.19
*

n=32;

**

n=37;

Bolded values represent significant across-group differences at the p<0.001 level. LyE: Lyapunov Exponent; a.u.: Arbitrary Units