Table 3:
Gait kinematics for the subset of PD who, at their fast walking speed, exhibited similar speed as NTA walking at a comfortable speed.
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NTA Comfortable (n=38) | PwPD Fast (n=38) | Mean difference | Lower | Upper | p-value | Cohen’s d effect size | |
Speed (m/s) | 1.21 | 1.21 | 0.002 | −0.07 | 0.08 | 0.961 | 0.01 |
Stride Length (m) | 1.27 | 1.16 | −0.11 | −0.16 | −0.05 | <0.001 | 0.91 |
Cadence (steps/min) | 112.94 | 124.08 | 11.14 | 6.18 | 16.09 | <0.001 | 1.04 |
Swing Time (% stride) | 39.54 | 40.02 | 0.48 | −0.33 | 1.29 | 0.240 | 0.28 |
Arm RoM (deg) | 48.11 | 41.79 | −12.66 | −20.32 | −4.99 | 0.002 | 0.76 |
Turn Velocity (deg/s) | 184.83 | 157.63 | −27.20 | −40.73 | −13.67 | <0.001 | 0.93 |
Steps to turn (n) | 3.76 | 4.54 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 1.08 | <0.001 | 1.20 |
Trunk AP (deg) | 8.35 | 7.62 | -0.73 | −1.87 | 0.41 | 0.205 | 0.30 |
Trunk ML (deg) | 5.14 | 4.63 | -0.51 | −1.22 | 0.20 | 0.156 | 0.33 |
Step time Variability (a.u) | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.010 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.014 | 0.58 |
Swing time Variability (a.u) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.344 | 0.22 |
LyE- Lumbar (a.u) | 0.40* | 0.51** | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 1.24 |
LyE- Trunk (a.u) | 0.32* | 0.38** | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.007 | 0.68 |
Double Support Time (% stride) | 10.40 | 10.00 | −0.39 | −1.33 | 0.55 | 0.409 | 0.19 |
n=32;
n=37;
Bolded values represent significant across-group differences at the p<0.001 level. LyE: Lyapunov Exponent; a.u.: Arbitrary Units