Fig. 5.
Activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by paramylon. a The levels of p-p38, p38, p-SAPK/JNK, SAPK/JNK, p-ERK, ERK were detected by Western blot analysis and normalized to GAPDH. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) was used as positive control. RAW264.7 cells in 96-well plates (1 × 105 cells/well) were incubated with 200 μg/mL paramylon with, p38-inhibitor SB 20358 (10 μM), JNK inhibitor SP 600125 (10 μM) and ERK inhibitor PD 98059 (10 μM) to measure NO (b), TNF-α (c) and IL-6 (d) levels in the culture medium. Representative results from three independent experiments are shown, * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001