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. 2020 Jun 19;11:52. doi: 10.1186/s13229-020-00351-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Specification of neurons from human stem cell and pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. a LI-COR immunoblot image of FMRP obtained from each of the pluripotent stem cell lines examined. The image illustrates that FMR1^+/y, CON1 and CON2 cell lines express FMRP (71 kDa), and FMR1^−/y, FXS1, FXS2 and FXS3 lines lack FMRP. Rat brain lysate from Fmr^+/y and Fmr1^−/y animals were used as positive and negative controls respectively. b Left panel: representative confocal images of paraformaldehyde fixed hESC (FMR1^+/y and FMR1^−/y) and hiPSC (CON2 and FXS3) expressing the pluripotency markers, Nanog and Oct3/4. Scale bar = 50 μm. Middle panel: immunofluorescent staining of NPCs arranged as rosettes (derived from either hESC or hiPSC) for the progenitor markers Nestin and PAX6. Scale bar = 50 μm. Right panel: confocal images illustrating hESC- and hiPSC-derived cortical neurons expressing Map2ab/DAPI/hNA. The GFAP-positive cells are murine astrocytes (negative for human nuclei) with which hESC- and hiPSC-derived neurons were co-cultured. Scale bar = 50 μm. Abbreviations: hESC, human embryonic stem cells; hiPSC, human pluripotent stem cells; FMR1^+/y, human embryonic stem cell line; FMR1^−/y, gene-edited isogenic hESC pair lacking FMR1 gene; L, Ladder; CON1, CON2, control hiPSC line; FXS1, FXS2 and FXS3, hiPSC lines from fragile X syndrome patients