Table 2: Maximum Ligament Strain [%; median (IQR)] with increased KAM load.
Except in the ‘ACL Pre-Failure’ and ‘ACL Failure’ conditions, ATS and ITR were held constant. It should be noted that at the ‘Very High’ load condition, the n-value decreased due to onset of specimen failure under greater loading. Consequently, specimens with higher baseline ACL strains were not available for inclusion as they had ruptured, and the resultant data demonstrates a lack of linearity in strain increase relative to loading increase. For this reason, the ‘Pre-Failure’ condition for each specimen is also presented, which clearly illustrates heightened ACL strain.
Baseline (n=34) | Moderate (n=34) | High (n=33) | Very High (n=18) | ACL Pre-Failure (n=33) | ACL Failure (n=26) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACL Strain | 6.8 (3.3, 11.5) | 6.6 (4.1, 10.5) | 8.1 (5.2, 11.2) | 6.9 (5.1, 11.2) | 11.2 (8.3, 17.2) | 9.9 (5.5, 17.9)* |
MCL Strain | 1.1 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.6 (0.7, 2.6) | 2.6 (1.2, 3.7) | 4.7 (1.8, 6.8) | 4.3 (2.0, 7.2) | 4.6 (2.4, 8.1) |
Strain values at ACL failure are affected by high variability as the sensor has the potential to completely separate, dislodge from the tissue, or not measure strain as the ligament may separate from the bone and no longer displace. Data should be assessed cautiously.