Table 2. Sociodemographic aspects and Mini-Mental State Examination and Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu scores of people with epilepsy and controls.
| PWE (n=371) | NC (n=95) | P | TLE-HS (n=113) | NC (n=95) | p | Epileptic syndrome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic | Unknown etiology | Structural | p | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 48.6 (±16.5) |
48.5 (±10.4) |
0.164a | 48.3 (±13.4) |
48.5 (±10.4) |
0.881a | 28.5 (±12.1) |
47.2 (±16.0) |
51.3 (±15.8) |
<0.001* b | |
| Educational level (years) | 5.7 (±3.8) |
6.4 (±3.3) |
0.074a | 5.5 (±3.5) |
6.4 (±3.3) |
0.029* a | 8.6 (±3.4) |
6.5 (±3.5) |
5.0 (±3.8) |
<0.001* b | |
| MMSE | 23.1 (±4.1) |
24.7 (±2.6) |
<0.001* a | 22.8 (±4.5) |
24.7 (±2.6) |
<0.001* a | 25.1 (±3.8) |
24 (±3.3) |
22.5 (±4.4) |
0.002* b | |
| BCB-Edu | • Identification | 9.8 (±0.7) |
9.9 (±0.2) |
0.005* a | 9.9 (±0.2) |
9.9 (±0.2) |
0.723a | 10.0 (±0.0) |
9.8 (±0.7) |
9.8 (±0.8) |
0.370b |
| - Naming | 9.7 (±1.0) |
9.8 (±0.5) |
0.173a | 9.8 (±0.3) |
9.8 (±0.5) |
0.423a | 10.0 (±0.0) |
9.8 (±0.7) |
9.6 (±1.2) |
0.094b | |
| • Incidental memory | 5.8 (±1.8) |
6.1 (±1.6) |
0.086a | 5.8 (±1.6) |
6.1 (±1.6) |
0.276a | 6.4 (±1.8) |
6.0 (±1.7) |
5.6 (±1.8) |
0.045* b | |
| • Immediate memory | 7.3 (±1.9) |
8.2 (±1.4) |
<0.001* a | 7.3 (±1.8) |
8.2 (±1.4) |
<0.001* a | 8.7 (±1.1) |
7.5 (±1.8) |
7.0 (±1.9) |
<0.001* b | |
| - Learning test | 7.7 (±1.9) |
8.9 (±1.1) |
<0.001* a | 7.7 (±1.7) |
8.9 (±1.1) |
<0.001* a | 8.6 (±1.8) |
8.2 (±1.7) |
7.4 (±2.0) |
<0.001* b | |
| - Delayed recall | 6.7 (±2.1) |
8.1 (±1.5) |
<0.001* a | 6.7 (±1.9) |
8.1 (±1.5) |
<0.001* a | 8.0 (±1.7) |
7.0 (±2.0) |
6.4 (±2.2) |
0.003* b | |
| - Recognition | 9.1 (±1.6) |
9.6 (±1.1) |
<0.001* a | 9.3 (±1.2) |
9.6 (±1.1) |
0.037* a | 9.6 (±0.7) |
9.2 (±1.4) |
8.9 (±1.8) |
0.031* b | |
| Clock Drawing Test | 5.6 (±2.8) |
6.9 (±2.5) |
<0.001* a | 5.7 (±2.7) |
6.9 (±2.5) |
0.001* a | 7.3 (±2.6) |
6.0 (±2.5) |
5.1 (±2.9) |
0.001* b | |
| SVF test | 11.2 (±4.8) |
12 (±4.8) |
0.173a | 10.7 (±4.3) |
12 (±4.8) |
0.045* a | 12.7 (±5.1) |
12.3 (±4.8) |
10.5 (±4.6) |
0.001* b | |
| PVF (F) | 4.9 (±3.9) |
7.7 (±5.4) |
<0.001* a | 4.4 (±3.0) |
7.7 (±5.4) |
<0.001* a | 5.6 (±3.6) |
5.7 (±4.2) |
4.5 (±3.7) |
0.020* b | |
| PVF (A) | 4.3 (±3.5) |
7.0 (±4.7) |
<0.001* a | 3.9 (±2.7) |
7.0 (±4.7) |
<0.001* a | 4.5 (±3.9) |
5.2 (±3.7) |
3.8 (±3.3) |
0.003* b | |
| PVF (S) | 4.2 (±3.5) |
7.2 (±5.1) |
<0.001* a | 3.8 (±2.6) |
7.2 (±5.1) |
<0.001* a | 5.1 (±3.9) |
5.0 (±3.8) |
3.8 (±3.1) |
0.024* b | |
PWE: people with epilepsy; NC: control group; TLE-HS: Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; BCB-Edu: Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu; SVF: semantic verbal fluency test; PVF: phonemic verbal fluency task.
a
t-test;
b
Kruskall-Wallis;
*
p<0.05.