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- Penicillins
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| - Benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) and depot forms
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| - Penicillinase-labile oral penicillins such as phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
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| - Penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as oxacillin, dicloxacillin, and flucloxacillin
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| - Broad-spectrum penicillins:
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| - In the aminopenicillin group, such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and sultamicillin
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| - Acylaminopenicillins that are also effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as piperacillin and mezlocillin
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| - Amidinopenicillins such as pivmecillinam
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| - Cephalosporins |
| - Group I: Mainly against gram-positive bacteria, penicillinase-stable, such as the aminocephalosporins cefaclor, cefalexin, cefadroxil, and cefazolin (the latter not belonging to the aminocephalosporins)
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| - Group II: More effective against gram-negative bacteria, still adequately effective against grampositive bacteria, such as cefuroxime
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| - Group III: Highly effective in the gram-negative
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| - range, poor in gram-positive, e.g., cefixime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftibuten
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| - Group IV: Such as cefepime
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| - Group IVb respectively V: Against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including efficacy against MRSA, e.g., ceftaroline fosamil, ceftolozane
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| - Carbapenems such as imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem
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| - Monobactams such as aztreonam
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| - Beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. |
