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Chondrogenesis in cell monolayers. The use of 75 μg/ml Nisin or 10 μg/ml LL-37 did not affect the hMSC chondrogenesis as chondrogenic genes collagen type II (A, COL 2) and aggrecan (B, ACAN) were expressed in a similar manner as in the untreated control. As a confirmation, the osteogenic collagen type I (COL 1) gene was not up-regulated (C). Histology (D) confirmed the presence of a cartilage-like matrix by specific Safranin-O and Alcian blue staining. Scale bar = 100 μm.
