Table 2. Interventions included in the ACE-Obesity Policy study.

Intervention and classification	Intervention description	Model specifications (target population, risk factors modelled, and duration of intervention/ effect maintenance)	Government Sector	Industry involved/ impacted	Jurisdiction for intervention implementation
Alcohol price increase: uniform volumetric tax [41] (regulatory)	Mandatory legislation to replace the current alcohol taxation system with a uniform volumetric tax equal to AUD1.07 per standard drink, applied across all alcohol products.	14–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry, Treasury)	Alcohol producers, suppliers and retailers Bars and restaurants	Federal and state governments
Community–based interventions [31] (program)	Co-ordinated program of community-level strategies to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Effectiveness limited to children.	5–18 year olds BMI 3 years/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (across all local government sectors)	Local businesses	Local government Likely to require funding from state/federal government
Financial incentives for weight loss provided by private health insurers (program)	AUD200 cash payment per year for five years contingent on meeting weight loss/maintenance goals alongside a one year commercial weight loss program. Eligibility limited to people with overweight/obesity, who have private health insurance with extras cover.	18–100 year olds BMI 5 years/11 years	Health	Private health insurers	Federal government
Fuel excise: 10c per litre increase [42] Regulatory	Mandatory legislation to increase the existing national fuel excise tax by AUD0.10 per litre.	18–64 year olds BMI/PA/Injury Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Transport, Treasury, Regional Affairs)	Fuel producers and importers	Federal government
Menu kilojoule labelling on fast food (regulatory)	Mandatory legislation for fast food outlets to display energy content of foods and drinks on menus accompanied by a government sponsored education campaign.	2–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Health	Fast food	Predominantly state governments with input from the federal government
National mass media campaign related to sugar-sweetened beverages (program)	Three-year national mass media campaign (12 six-week waves) to encourage reduced consumption of sugar sweetened beverages.	18–100 year olds BMI 3 years/3 years	Health	Media	Federal government
Package size cap on sugar-sweetened beverages [43] (regulatory)	Mandatory legislation to restrict the manufacturing of single-serve sugar-sweetened beverages (carbonated drinks) over 375ml.	2–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry)	Beverage manufacturers	Federal government
Reformulation in response to the Health Star Rating (HSR) system [44] (regulatory)	Impact of the government-endorsed voluntary HSR system on product reformulation.	2–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry)	Food and beverage manufacturers	Federal and state governments
Reformulation to reduce sugar in sugar-sweetened beverages [43] (regulatory)	Setting of voluntary targets for manufacturers to reduce the sugar content of sugar-sweetened beverages.	2–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry)	Beverage manufacturers	Federal and state governments
Restricting television advertising of unhealthy foods [45] (regulatory)	Mandatory legislation restricting unhealthy food and beverage marketing on free to air television until 9.30pm.	5–15 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Communications)	Broadcasters, media and advertising	Federal government
Restrictions on price promotions of sugar- sweetened beverages [46] (regulatory)	Mandatory legislation restricting the price promotion, temporary price discounts, and multi-buy specials of sugar-sweetened beverages (sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks, flavoured water, sports, energy, and fruit drinks; and cordials (concentrates) containing added sugar).	2–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry)	Supermarkets, other retailers	Federal and state government
School-based intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour (program)	Based on the Transform-Us! program [47]. Education and behaviour change techniques (e.g. standing lessons) and environmental strategies implemented by teachers in primary schools.	8–9 year olds BMI/PA Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Education)	None	Federal and state government
School-based intervention to increase physical activity (program)	Based on the Transform-Us! program [47]. Education and behaviour change techniques (e.g. active breaks) and environmental strategies (e.g. active play equipment) implemented by teachers in primary schools.	8–9 year olds BMI/PA Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Education)	None	Federal and state government
Sugar-sweetened beverages tax– 20% [21] (regulatory)	20% sales tax applied to sugar-sweetened beverages (sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks, flavoured water, sports, energy, and fruit drinks, and cordial concentrates containing added sugar).	2–100 year olds BMI Lifetime/lifetime	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry, Treasury)	Beverage manufacturers	Federal government
Supermarket shelf tags on healthier products (program)	Voluntary intervention to encourage and assist supermarket chains to install and maintain shelf tags to alert customers to healthier products (4.5 and 5 HSR products).	2–100 year olds BMI 3 years/3 years	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry)	Supermarkets	Predominantly state governments with input from the federal government
Workplace intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour [48] (program)	Multi-component workplace-delivered intervention (information, standing desks, individual health coaching) to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity.	18–65 year olds PA 1 year/5 years	Multi-sectoral (Health, Industry)	Desk work based workplaces	Federal and state government

BMI: body mass index; HSR: Health Star Rating; PA: physical activity