Table 3 –

Language scores for the participant groups and the results of the between-group statistical comparisons (right-most column)

Measures	Healthy Mean (SD) [95% CI]	PPA Mean (SD) [95% CI]	MCI Mean (SD) [95% CI]	AD Mean (SD) [95% CI]	ANOVA F p
Fluency
Average WPM	141.73 (39.51) [126.09 – 157.37]	76.91 (39.50)a, b [61.88 – 91.94]	123.76 (31.21) [106.63 – 140.90]	116.61 (42.81) [99.47 – 133.74]	F(3,86) = 12.61 p < .001*
Total Disfluencies	9.46 (7.10) [3.98 – 14.93]	27.57 (19.17)a, b [22.32 – 32.83]	10.50 (9.26) [4.50 – 16.50]	12.90 (13.88) [6.90 – 18.90]	F(3,86) = 9.71 p < .001*
Word Retrieval
MATTR	.86 (.03) [.84 – .88]	.83 (.08) [.81 – .85]	.86 (.04) [.84 – .88]	.87 (.04) [.84 – .80]	F(3,86) = 2.20 p = .093
Idea Density	.41 (.04) [.38 – .43]	.39 (.08) [.37 – .42]	.39 (.04) [.36 – .42]	.40 (.06) [.37 – .43]	F(3,86) = .27 p = .870
Proportion CIUs	.82 (.10) [.75 – .87]	.63 (.20)a, b [.57 – .68]	.80 (.12) [.74 – .87]	.72 (.18) [.65 – .78]	F(3,86) = 6.88 p < .001*
No. Semantic Errors	.00 (.00) [−.24 – .24]	.46 (.81) [.22–.70]	.00 (.00) [−.27 – .27]	.25 (.91) [−.02 – .52	F(3,86) = 3.18 p = .028
No. Phonological Errors	.04 (.20) [−.24 – .33]	.69 (1.28) [.41 – .97]	.00 (.00) [−.31 – .31]	.05 (.22) [−.26 – .36]	F(3,86) = 5.35 p = .002*
Total Word Retrieval Errors	.04 (.20) [−.38 – .46]	1.23 (1.75)a, b [.82 – 1.63]	.00 (.00) [−.46 – .46]	.30 (.92) [−.26 – .76]	F(3,86) = 7.37 p < .001*
Syntax
MLU, morphemes	9.93 (2.13) [8.70 – 11.16]	9.85 (3.81) [8.60 – 11.03]	11.05 (2.94) [9.70 – 12.39]	9.67 (2.85) [8.32 – 11.02]	F(3,86) = .87 p = .458
Proportion grammatical utterances	.89 (.16) [.80 – .96]	.66 (.28)a, b [.58 – .73]	.89 (.12) [.79 – .97]	.82 (.18) [.73 – .91]	F(3,86) = 6.92 p < .001*
Verbs/utterance	1.22 (.27) [1.03 – 1.41]	1.40 (.68) [1.21 – 1.58]	1.30 (.35) [1.08 – 1.51]	1.23 (.44) [1.02 – 1.42]	F(3,86) = .69 p = .557
Complex Utterances	.47 (1.02) [.17 – .74]	.08 (.27) [−.19 – .35]	.60 (.75) [.28 – .91]	.35 (.58) [.03 – .66]	F(3,86) = 2.30 p = .083
Total Morphological Errors	.04 (.20) [−.21 – .29]	.50 (.99) [.25 – .74]	.05 (.22) [−.22 – .32]	.20 (.61) [−.07 – .47]	F(3,86) = 2.88 p = .040
General
Total Errors	9.54 (7.16) [3.87 – 15.20]	29.31 (19.79)a, b [23.86 – 34.74]	10.55 (9.23) [4.34 – 16.75]	13.40 (14.77) [7.19 – 19.60]	F(3,86) = 10.82 p < .001*

Abbreviations: AD= Alzheimer’s Dementia, CIU = correct information units, MATTR = moving average type-token ratio, PPA= Primary Progressive Aphasia, MCI= Mild Cognitive Impairment, WPM = words per minute,

^*p < .003,

^aPost-hoc comparison with healthy group, p < .05,

^bPost-hoc comparison with MCI, p < .05