Table 3.

Potential harms to patients

Study	True positive LUS results, N (%)	False positive LUS results, N (%)	False negative LUS results, N (%)	True negative LUS results, N (%)	Nature of false positive LUS results
Amatya et al38	40 (64.5)	7 (11.3)	4 (6.5)	11 (17.7)	Three bronchiectasis, two interstitial lung diseases, one tuberculosis and one normal lung
Corradi et al18	30* (46.8)	1* (1.6)	14* (22.0)	19* (29.6)	–
Fares et al22	28 (73.7)	2 (5.3)	2 (5.3)	6 (15.7)	–
Karimi et al39	263 (93.9)	0 (0.0)	17 (6.1)	0	–
Liu et al31	106 (59.2)	1 (0.6)	6 (3.4)	66 (36.8)	–
Nazerian et al32	72 (25.3)	9 (3.1)	15 (5.3)	189 (66.3)	Three cancers, three parenchymal impaired ventilation not due to infection and three pulmonary fibrosis
Taghizadieh et al35	29 (96.7)	1 (3.3)	0	0	–
Parlamento et al34	31 (63.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.0)	17 ((34.7)	–
Reissig et al20	211 (59.3)	3 (0.8)	15 (4.2)	127 (35.7)	–
Unluer et al37	27 (37.5)	7 (9.7)	1 (1.4)	37 (51.4)	Four pulmonary embolisms and three exacerbations of COPD
Benci et al17	37 (46.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	43 (53.7)	–
Bitar et al29	–	–	–	–	–
Bourcier et al30	117 (81.2)	9 (6.3)	6 (4.2)	12 (8.3)	Four sepsis of other origin, two pulmonary embolisms, one ARDS, one pulmonary fibrosis and one acute anaemia.
Cipollini et al27	105 (82.0)	–	23 (18.0)	–	–
Cortellaro et al19	80 (66.7)	2 (1.7)	1 (0.8)	37 (30.8)	One congestive heart failure and one subphrenic abscess with lung atelectasia
Pagano et al33	67 (63.8)	13 (12.4)	1 (1.0)	24 (22.8)	Seven exacerbations of COPD, two congestive heart failure, three cancers and one pulmonary infarction
Ticinesi et al36	88 (52.1)	3 (1.8)	8 (4.7)	70 (41.2)	Two pulmonary embolisms and one cancer

* Hemithoraxes.

-, not described; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LUS, lung ultrasonography; N, number.