Figure 1.

Impact of degumming time and manufacturing method on nanoparticle characteristics. (A) Schematic overview of the silk nanoparticle manufacturing process with either the manual or microfluidic setup. Top row: steps for reverse-engineered silk solution. Bottom row: native silk extraction and preparation of stock solution. Red boxes indicate that the process parameters varied. This panel was created with BioRender.com. (B) Qualitative assessment of nanoparticles with SEM (scale bar: 1 μm). (C) Quantitative nanoparticle assessment of size, polydispersity, and surface charge (n ≥ 3).