Table 2.
Effects of sleep deprivation before and after chronic high-fat feeding
| Measure | Condition, mean (SEM) |
Test statisticsa | Comparisons between conditions: mean difference (SEM), p valueb |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post chow diet |
Post HFD |
||||||||||
| NS-chow 1 | SD-chow 2 | NS-HFD 3 | SD-HFD 4 | 1 vs 2 | 1 vs 3 | 1 vs 4 | 2 vs 3 | 2 vs 4 | 3 vs 4 | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/1) | 5.26 (0.11) | 5.30 (0.13) | 5.23 (0.11) | 5.27 (0.11) | F 0.131, p = 0.940 | 0.04 (0.16), p = 0.824 | −0.03 (0.14), p = 0.817 | 0.01 (0.09), p = 0.891 | −0.07 (0.10), p = 0.506 | −0.02 (0.08), p = 0.772 | 0.04 (0.09), p = 0.640 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/1) | 56.95(10.42) | 72.23 (12.50) | 88.20(15.28) | 94.66(13.89) | F 6.773, p = 0.002** | 15.21 (6.81), p = 0.062 | 31.46(11.39), p = 0.028* | 37.92 (9.24), p = 0.004** | 16.25 (9.38), p = 0.127 | 22.78 (9.51), p = 0.048* | 6.46(8.61), p = 0.476 |
| Fasting NEFA (mmol/1); p = 6 | 0.52 (0.05) | 0.52 (0.07) | 0.50 (0.03) | 0.47 (0.02) | F 0.282, p = 0.838 | −0.00 (0.08), p = 0.984 | −0.02 (0.05), p = 0.727 | −0.05 (0.07), p = 0.469 | −0.02 (0.05), p= 0.715 | −0.05 (0.09), p = 0.572 | −0.03 (0.05), p = 0.542 |
| KG (%/min) | 2.93 (0.23) | 2.90 (0.18) | 2.89 (0.25) | 2.72 (0.18) | F 0.413, p = 0.745 | −0.03 (0.12), p = 0.823 | −0.04 (0.19), p = 0.824 | −0.21 (0.21), p = 0.353 | −0.02 (0.16), p = 0.929 | −0.18 (0.23), p = 0.458 | −0.16(0.28), p = 0.577 |
| AIRG (mU/1 / min) | 494.9 (70.3) | 509.3 (48.3) | 623.0 (73.0) | 612.1 (49.3) | F 8.239, p = 0.001** | 14.4 (28.4), p = 0.629 | 128.1 (38.2), p = 0.012* | 117.2 (33.7), p = 0.020* | 113.8 (40.0), p = 0.025* | 102.9 (13.3), p<0.001*** | −10.9 (37.0), p = 0.777 |
| SI(nit.” r1 rnin−1) | 4.95 (0.45) | 3.14 (0.21) | 3.74 (0.48) | 3.28 (0.37) | F 8.109, p = 0.001** | −1.81 (0.41), p= 0.001** | −1.21 (0.47), p = 0.038* | −1.67 (0.28), p = 0.001** | 0.60 (0.52), p = 0.290 | 0.14 (0.42), p = 0.751 | −0.46 (0.29), p = 0.154 |
| DI | 2291 (240) | 1570 (141) | 2251 (295) | 1939(162) | F 4.594, p = 0.013* | −721 (200), p = 0.009** | −40 (222), p = 0.863 | −351 (210), p = 0.138 | 681 (219), p = 0.017* | 370 (200), p = 0.107 | −312 (267), p = 0.281 |
| SG (%/rnin) | 0.036 (0.002) | 0.035 (0.003) | 0.032 (0.001) | 0.035 (0.003) | F 0.714, p = 0.554 | −0.001 (0.002), p = 0.733 | −0.004 (0.002), p = 0.107 | −0.001 (0.002), p = 0.815 | −0.003 (0.002), p = 0.179 | −0.000 (0.004), p = 1.000 | 0.003 (0.002), p = 0.274 |
| Adipo-IR (mmol/1 / pmol/1); n = 6 | 32.29 (10.56) | 32.29 (3.26) | 42.99 (9.17) | 45.84 (8.75) | F 1.754, p = 0.199 | −0.07 (7.99), p = 0.995 | 10.70(10.14), p = 0.341 | 13.47 (6.88), p = 0.108 | 10.76 (7.57),p = 0.214 | 13.54 (6.81), p = 0.103 | 2.85 (5.07), p = 0.603 |
| Fasting cortisol (pmol/1); n = l | 4.75(1.01) | 3.95(1.21) | 4.58(1.03) | 5.39 (0.81) | F 0.925, p = 0.449 | −0.80 (1.02), p = 0.465 | −0.17(0.41), p = 0.686 | 0.64 (0.69), p = 0.387 | 0.62 (0.82), p = 0.474 | 1.44(1.33), p = 0.318 | 0.82 (0.66), p = 0.265 |
| Fasting adrenaline (pmol/1); n = l | 280.1 (90.1) | 246.8 (54.6) | 579.2 (111.4) | 636.5 (157.8) | F 25.932, p = 0.002** | −33.3 (91.7), p = 0.731 | 299.2(125.0), p = 0.054 | 355.9 (107.0), p = 0.016* | 332.5 (97.7), p = 0.014* | 389.2 (146.3), p = 0.037* | 56.8 (99.9), p = 0.592 |
| Fasting noradrenaline (pmol/1); n = l | 494.8 (232.3) | 430.3 (201.0) | 1233.6 (220.5) | 871.9 (218.7) | F 16.084, p = 0.007** | −64.4 (79.8), p = 0.449 | 738.3 (224.6), p = 0.017 | 377.1 (139.5), p = 0.036 | 803.3 (179.1), p = 0.004 | 441.6 (167.3), p = 0.038 | −361.8 (238.2), p= 0.180 |
| 24 h physical activity (mean counts per h); n = 4 | 219 (52) | 239 (76) | 77 (20) | 64 (6) | F 5.053, p = 0.025* | 20 (40), p = 0.655 | −143 (54), p = 0.078 | −155 (50), p = 0.054 | −163 (83), p = 0.145 | −175 (76), p = 0.104 | −13 (23), p = 0.618 |
| Daytime physical activity (mean counts per h); n = 4 | 394 (93) | 437 (163) | 135 (40) | 89 (7) | F 4.278, p = 0.039* | 42 (106), p = 0.717 | −259 (97), p = 0.076 | −305 (96), p = 0.050 | −302 (174), p = 0.182 | −348(161), p = 0.120 | −46 (43), p = 0.363 |
| Night-time physical activity (mean counts per h); n = 4 | 43 (16) | 41 (15) | 18(1) | 41(17) | F 0.662, p = 0.596 | −3 (30), p = 0.938 | −25 (16), p = 0.212 | −3 (27), p = 0.931 | −23 (15), p = 0.220 | 0 (13), p = 1.000 | 23 (16), p = 0.264 |
Data from the subset of eight animals that were fed an HFD for 9 months
n = 8 unless otherwise noted; due to technical issues with accelerometers, activity data for all conditions are available from n = 4 animals; due to IV issues leading to reduced plasma available for assays, fasting NEFA and Adipo-IR were measured in n = 6 animals, and fasting cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in n = 7 animals
To convert Si values to SI units, multiply by 0.167
a
Repeated measures ANOVA test statistic (F) reported with p value
b
p values calculated by post hoc t test
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p;<0.001
NS, normal sleep; SD, sleep deprivation