Table 5.

Shared mental model for integration and close proximity of BHC and PCCs shapes use of warm handoffs and REACH of integration program among a group of practices with similar characteristics

Practice ID	2	1	4	5	3
Practice Characteristics
PC/MH	PC/MH	PC/MH	PC	PC	PC/MH
Ownership	Private, not for profit	Private, not for profit	Private, not for profit	Hospital system	Private
Govt/FQHC/CMHC & FQHC/None	FQHC/CMHC	FQHC/CMHC	FQHC	None	Government
Characteristics of the integration model
Breadth and depth of Integration REACH
Identification of problem	Systematic screening	Systematic screening	Systematic screening	Systematic screening	Systematic screening
Provision of services	Broad	Limited	Broad	Broad	Broad
Relevant workforce located in practice
Embedded BHC on PCC team	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Consulting psychiatrist in practice	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Approach to transitioning patients to BHC
Warm-handoff	X		X	X	X
Referral	X	X
Path identified for other services
Specialty MH	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referred
Substance Use	Warm-handoff and referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral
Shared Mental Model for Integration	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

Abbreviations: BHC, behavioral health clinician; CMHC, community mental health center; FQHC, federally qualified health center; FTE, full-time equivalent; MH, mental health; PC, primary care; PCC, primary care clinician.

The designation of Government for ownership or financial characteristics indicated a non-FQHC- or CMHC-funded health system where the majority of financing or ownership is from the U.S. government.

The bold values listed for Practice 1 are to indicate how constructs such as physical distance among professionals and lack of a shared mental model can influence the approach to integrated care, despite practice characteristics that support broader integration approaches in other settings.