Table 4.

Incremental lifetime population-level cost and clinical outcomes on the basis of projected reductions in DKA events and resulting improved HbA_1c from screening and follow-up

Percent reduction in DKA events (screening vs. no screening)	Proportion of patients with DKA events in screening arm	Incremental population average HbA1c for patients with type 1 diabetes	Incremental DKA treatment costs at diagnosis§	Incremental other diabetes complication costs over a lifetime†	Incremental effectiveness, QALYs	Incremental total costs (ASK screening vs. no screening)‡	Incremental total costs (routine screening vs. no screening)‡
0%	46%	0.0%	$0	$0	0	$560,000	$1,641,000
20%	37%	−0.1%	−$37,000	−$506,000	17	$18,000*	$1,098,000*
40%	28%	−0.3%	−$73,000	−$965,000	33	−$478,000**	$602,000*
60%	18%	−0.4%	−$110,000	−$1,384,000	49	−$934,000**	$147,000*
80%	9%	−0.5%	−$146,000	−$1,769,000	64	−$1,355,000**	−$274,000**

^§All costs are in 2018 USD and rounded to the nearest $1,000.

^†Other diabetes complication costs include treatment and management of annual hypoglycemic events and long-run diabetes-related complications.

^‡Total costs include screening costs for 10,029 children and adolescents, DKA treatment costs for case patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and experience a DKA event, and all other diabetes complication costs over a lifetime for the predicted case patients who convert to diabetes.

^*Costs of screening offset enough for screening to be cost-effective at ≤$150,000 per QALY.

^**Costs of screening offset completely, resulting in a cost savings scenario.