Table 1.
Characteristics and metabolic traits at different early-life stages among 6,216 ALSPAC offspring eligible for inclusion in at least one analysis
| Childhood | Adolescence | Young adulthood | Adulthood | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 7.5 (0.3) | 15.5 (0.3) | 17.8 (0.4) | 24.5 (0.8) |
| Male, % (n) | 49.7 (3,087) | 49.7 (3,087) | 49.7 (3,087) | 49.7 (3,087) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.2 (2.0) | 21.4 (3.5) | 22.7 (4.02) | 24.8 (4.9) |
| Has type 2 diabetes, % (n) | NA | NA (<5) | 0.2 (5) | 0.4 (7) |
| Has prediabetes, % (n) | NA | 0.4 (11) | 0.5 (12) | 0.4 (10) |
| Lipid traits | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.9 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.8) |
| Cholesterol in VLDL (mmol/L) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) |
| Cholesterol in LDL (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.04 (0.3) | 1.03 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) |
| Cholesterol in HDL (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.3) |
| Total triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.4) |
| Triglycerides in VLDL (mmol/L) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.4) |
| Triglycerides in LDL (mmol/L) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.04) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.04) |
| Triglycerides in HDL (mmol/L) | 0.1 (0.02) | 0.1 (0.02) | 0.1 (0.02) | 0.1 (0.03) |
| Preglycemic traits | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.5) |
| Citrate (mmol/L) | 0.1 (0.03) | 0.1 (0.02) | 0.1 (0.02) | 0.2 (0.02) |
| Isoleucine (mmol/L) | 0.1 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.1 (0.01) |
| Leucine (mmol/L) | 0.1 (0.01) | 0.1 (0.01) | 0.1 (0.01) | 0.1 (0.01) |
| Valine (mmol/L) | 0.1 (0.03) | 0.1 (0.03) | 0.1 (0.03) | 0.1 (0.03) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.4) |
| Inflammatory traits | ||||
| Glycoprotein acetyls (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.2) |
Continuous data are presented as the mean (SD) and categorical data as indicated. Type 2 diabetes is defined in adolescence as a clinic fasting glucose of ≥7 mmol/L and in young adulthood and adulthood as a clinic fasting glucose of ≥7 mmol/L or reported physician diagnosis. Prediabetes is defined as fasting glucose between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L. NA, not available/censored cell count.